Studies in other locations, especially in regions with different labour force circumstances, such as low-income countries with predominantly rural populations, may provide complementary conclusions. When asked about current jobs in the downstream stages of the conventional meat production chain, such as processing, marketing and distribution, 47.1% of the experts agreed or strongly agreed that the people working in these stages of the production chain are sufficiently qualified to work in the corresponding stages of the emerging cultivated meat industry. For the first time, U.S. regulators on Wednesday approved the sale of chicken made from animal cells, allowing two California companies to offer "lab-grown" meat to the nation's restaurant tables and eventually, supermarket shelves. In particular, this paper includes a prospective discussion on the demand and . PubMed Anim Feed Sci Technol 166167:779782, Article In this sense, the study shows that different actors such as universities, research institutes, regulators, non-governmental organisations and governments need to be involved in order to create a governance system that drives the transition beyond animal-based food systems. The third stage consists of the downstream activities in the production chain, such as processing, distribution, and interaction with the consumer market. In this question, 82.9% of the professions mentioned by the experts refer to activities or training in the technical knowledge area, such as natural sciences, exact sciences and engineering, and 17.1% of the answers referred to activities or training in management areas of social applied sciences and humanities. How different is cultivated meat from the real thing? In their study of the impact of cultivated meat and plant-based meat in rural areas of agricultural production and among animal farmers in the United States, Helliwell and Burton (2021) pointed out that the potential threats of this change are the loss of livelihoods for farmers and grain producers for animal feed, the presence of barriers to the inclusion of these rural producers in the emerging alternative protein sectors, and the possibility of exclusion of these sectors. Here's what we know about lab-grown meat and climate change Additionally, another a few possible reasons may be given for the more optimistic view of the Brazilian experts compared to the Europeans. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. The data analysis also suggested that the impact of novel food production systems on jobs in conventional meat production may be different for each stage of the value chain. As radical innovations, they may trigger profound social and economic changes. Google Scholar, Christiaensen L, Rutledge Z, Taylor JE (2021) The future of work in agri-food. Internet of Things J (Netherlands). In Brief. The case of cell-based tuna. Front Psychol 11:1824, Heidemann MS, Taconeli CA, Reis GG, Parisi G, Molento CF (2020b) Critical perspective of animal production specialists on cell-based meat in Brazil: from bottleneck to best scenarios. Considering the studied geographical contexts, Brazilian professionals were more optimistic about the potential of plant-based and cultivated meat production to create new jobs. Experts said the move . Ind Biotechnol 17(3):125133, Moritz J, Tuomisto HL, Ryynnen T (2022) The transformative innovation potential of cellular agriculture: Political and policy stakeholders perceptions of cultured meat in Germany. The Good Food Institute, Carolan M (2020) Automated agrifood futures: robotics, labor and the distributive politics of digital agriculture. On the other hand, the results can also be linked to the perspective that the disruption in the first stages of the chain will be more intense compared to conventional meat production due to the technological paradigm shift (Gerhardt et al., 2020; Reis et al., 2020a). The cells are mixed with a broth of nutrients that the cells need to grow and divide. In this case, universities, NGOs and governments have an important role to play in providing skills and training opportunities for farmers and in supporting the transition to different activities related to agriculture in this new chain (Kurrer and Lawrie, 2018; Mancini and Antonioli, 2022). Recent research has linked the potential for technological disruption in jobs to the elasticity of demand for novel products (Piva and Vivarelli, 2018; Bessen, 2019). Google Scholar, Willett W, Rockstrm J, Loken B, Springmann M, Lang T, Vermeulen S, Murray CJ (2019) Food in the Anthropocene: the EATLancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. The Agriculture Department issued final approvals Wednesday, June 21 to California firms Upside Foods and Good Meat to sell the products, known as . Because cultivated meat is not yet produced commercially at large scale, estimates about its environmental impact are based on assumptions, which result in different conclusions about its efficiency. Front Nutr 7:7, Article J Cult Econ 11(4):315329, Nagy D, Schuessler J, Dubinsky A (2016) Defining and identifying disruptive innovations. Also noteworthy in the results of Table 7 is the fact that only Brazilian experts indicated the field of veterinary and animal sciences as promising professions for the first stage of the new cultivated meat chain (3.42%). Environ Commun 14(7):919932, Bryant CJ (2020) Culture, meat, and cultured meat. Appetite, 159:105058, Perez C (2010) Technological revolutions and techno-economic paradigms. A smaller group of responses, 8.89%, referred to opportunities in management jobs, such as production management, communications and marketing. Lab-grown meat: How it's made, environmental impact and more | BBC Technol Forecast Social Change 152:119894, Gerhardt C, Suhlmann G, Ziemen F, Donnan D, Warschun M, Khnle HJ (2020) How will cultured meat and meat alternatives disrupt the agricultural and food industry? Our findings may provide new insights for the development of policies, measures and strategies that promote job creation, skills and income in view of the ongoing transition. These findings are also linked to studies highlighting that the greatest pressure on the conventional meat chain in the face of food production transition will be on animal farmers, crop-growing farmers, and the rural community at large (Chriki and Hocquette, 2020; Tubb and Sena, 2020; Helliwell and Burton, 2021), who may suffer income losses and job losses as a result of the transition to more urban meat production (Rubio et al., 2020; Moritz et al., 2022). Cultured meat involves producing meat from animal cells, not from slaughtered animals. The move launches a new era of meat production aimed at eliminating harm to animals and drastically reducing the environmental impacts of grazing, growing feed for animals and animal waste. First, our results suggest that the transition of the meat production system has an impact on jobs in the first stage of conventional production, especially on animal farmers. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12473, Article https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/4/2020/02/SPM_Updated-Jan20.pdf, Johnstone P, Rogge KS, Kivimaa P, Fratini CF, Primmer E, Stirling A (2020) Waves of disruption in clean energy transitions: sociotechnical dimensions of system disruption in Germany and the United Kingdom. J Int Bus Stud 51(4):577622, Katz BM, McSweeney M (1980) A multivariate Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc procedures. We divided these experts into four large groups based on their affiliation and professional expertise as shown in Table 1: The identification of potential respondents followed multiple paths. The production of cultivated and plant-based meat involves the introduction of new production processes, new types of input, new actors and technological developments throughout the chain. Although the impact on the conventional sector is still open due to the early stage of the production system, experts have indicated that pressure on animal producers may be expected in the different contexts studied. Another point concerns the possibility that the production of cultivated, and plant-based meat may create opportunities for the transition of the labour system itself, where farmers relationships with actors downstream in the production chain can be more balanced and fairer compared to the reality of the conventional meat production chain (Kano et al., 2020; Bryant and Van der Weele, 2021; Newton and Blaustein-Rejto, 2021). In terms of public policy, the gradual transition of financial and fiscal incentives from the conventional meat sector to the alternative meat sector can also accelerate the required technological development and thus speed up the transition to new forms of food production. Besides, 23.4% of respondents indicated that knowledge of production processes (9.0%), food safety (8.1%) and technical knowledge of specific equipment for growing and patterning cells and tissues (5.4%) will also be in high demand (see Table 11 for detailed data). If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The national census of the Brazilian agricultural sector (IBGE, 2017) showed that of agricultural producers as a whole, 72% have less than 5 years of formal schooling and 23% reported not being able to read and write. PubMed Central Google Scholar, Conteratto C, Artuzo FD, Benedetti Santos OI, Talamini E (2021) Biorefinery: a comprehensive concept for the sociotechnical transition toward bioeconomy. Brazil also has a recognised tradition in the production of food of animal origin. In contrast, other studies (e.g., Newton and Blaustein-Rejto, 2021; Morais-da-Silva et al., 2022; Moritz et al., 2022) highlight the various opportunities that arise for rural producers in the face of changes in the food production, such as the cultivation of ingredients for crop production and cultivated meat as a source material that provides genetic and cellular material for the production of cultivated meat. This form of transition may mitigate the impact on the number of jobs in the conventional chain, as the change may occur in a gradual, substitutive transition of the workforce from the conventional to the cell- and plant-based meat chain. Cultivated meat is part of a broader movement called second domestication of animals, in which meat is produced using cell reproduction technology (Reis et al., 2020a; Tubb and Seba, 2020; Post et al., 2020). Chew on this: How we believe our meat is raised can - ScienceDaily More specifically, we studied the potential impact of the transition to a meat chain based on cultivated and plant-based meat production systems on the workers employed in different positions of the conventional meat supply chain, considering multiple ways and degrees that may characterise such transition. Econ Policy 34(100):589626, Bhat ZF, Morton JD, Mason SL, Bekhit AEA, Bhat HF(2019) Technological, regulatory, and ethical aspects of in vitro meat: a future slaughter-free harvest. These results open up the possibility for universities and research institutes to develop new courses of study or specialisations based on the interdisciplinary interaction of knowledge, focusing on post-animal food production. Thank you for visiting nature.com. Skills in cell manipulation and propagation, tissue formation and food structuring were cited as the most important in the early stages of the production chain. For example, an event organised by the Federal University of Paran, the Regional Council of Veterinary Medicine of Paran and the Brazilian Animal Science Society to discuss the topic in 2021, and a course entitled Introduction to Cellular Animal Science offered annually at postgraduate level by the Postgraduate Programme in Veterinary Sciences at the Federal University of Parana since 2020 (Heidemann et al., 2020b). PDF Growing Meat Sustainably: the Cultivated Meat Revolution Sociotechnical transition theory states that when a more efficient technological proposal is discovered, there is support from the landscape environment and actors are interested in developing and consuming the new technology, opportunities open up to integrate niche initiatives into the regime level (Geels, 2020; Schot and Geels, 2007). The experts tended to agree with the idea of new employment opportunities in the second stage of the cultivated meat production chain. For example, the US company Tyson Foods invested in Beyond Meat, a well-known plant-based start-up (Santo et al., 2020). Technol Forecast Soc Change 169:120845, Rischer H, Szilvay GR, Oksman-Caldentey KM (2020) Cellular agricultureindustrial biotechnology for food and materials. Companies operating in the conventional production segment currently benefit from inventiveness and bureaucratic productive and organisational structures and processes that favour incremental thinking over disruptive thinking. Is it safe and healthy to eat? In the third stage, processing, distribution and marketing can be carried out by the same companies that operate in the conventional animal meat production chain at this stage. The opportunity to create new food production chains may therefore directly mean the creation of new jobs in the country. This demand for comparative analyses that consider the singularities of geographical areas aims to cover a research gap in the literature (Abrell, 2021; Newton, and Blaustein-Rejto, 2021; Moritz et al., 2022). Google Scholar, Tomiyama AJ, Kawecki NS, Rosenfeld DL, Jay JA, Rajagopal D, Rowat AC(2020) Bridging the gap between the science of cultured meat and public perceptions Trends Food Sci Technol 104:144152. https://time.com/6109450/sustainable-lab-grown-mosa-meat/, Baran BE, Rogelberg SG, Clausen T (2016) Routinized killing of animals: going beyond dirty work and prestige to understand the well-being of slaughterhouse workers. CAS Several studies are currently undertaken to address the transition to more sustainable and ethical food production systems, such as research on the use of energy based on clean sources for a low-carbon future (Hirt et al., 2020; Johnstone et al., 2020), on the reuse of raw materials through processes based on the bioeconomy (Conteratto et al., 2021), and on the ethical treatment of animals (Soriano et al., 2021; Heidemann et al., 2020a).
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