Formative Evaluation of the Joint Community Participation in Primary Care, Initiative for Joint Community Participation in Primary Care, Joint Initiative Networking Event Meetings. Among other variables, network interaction, network learning, network trust, and households participation in green energy technologies and cooperatives/community showed significant and positive correlation, but the variable network reciprocity was found to be negatively correlated to the adoption of green energy technologies. 2018;3:e000811. The income effect and benefit distribution: analysis on the effect of farmers' cooperation[J]. 5 (1), 4159. (2016). Plan. AM also participated in the coding of data, analysis and drafting of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. The Joint Community Participation in Primary Care Initiative was developed as a means of ensuring community participation in PHC in socially disadvantaged communities (as per Goal 5 of the Strategy: described further in the Methods section). Gallivan J, Kovacs Burns K, Bellows M, Eigenseher C. The many faces of patient engagement. As well as having resources to establish the aforementioned steering groups, projects in the Joint Community Participation in Primary Care (JI) were provided with nationally co-ordinated networking events, community development training provided by the Community Action Network (CAN) and training in facilitation skills. Dublin: Health Service Executive; 2018. Differences in working styles between stakeholders as per individual professional training meant that interactions were problematic: there were clashes between GPs norms around short, task-oriented meetings and community development workers norms around long, process-centred workshop events: theyre all coming from a different perspective, you have the private view that the fact the GPs they dont, they really are anti any kind of long meetings or training so thats all militating against you know (S1, PA HSE, 6). This research study is supported by Research on Farmers Production Linkage Mechanism and Its Correlation Credit Risk Evolution Mechanism National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No. Issues Agric. Problems such as being weak and limited (Liao et al., 2016; Zhong et al., 2016) have seriously affected the development of cooperatives and their functions, and the low participation and willingness of members in the development of cooperatives is still an important problem that plagues the development of cooperatives (Chen et al., 2019; Javed et al., 2022). The JI was concerned with community participation as a process [3] and focused on a community of place [10, 13]. The biggest advantage or pro of adopting is that the child being adopted receives the gift of a new beginning. This means that positive experiences of being involved in community participation projects can enhance coherence and become a lever to implementation work. Walnut Creek, CA: Rowman Altamira; 1973:143168. May CR, Cummings A, Girling M, Bracher M, Mair FS, May CM, Murray E, Myall M, Rapley T, Finch T. Using normalization process theory in feasibility studies and process evaluations of complex healthcare interventions: a systematic review. Finally, the following conclusions are drawn: both the social network and income level have a significant positive impact on farmers participation in cooperative behavior decision making, and the social network has the greatest effect. Indeed, some participants, particularly those new to enacting this way of working, openly admitted that initially they did not know the type of work that it would entail when they agreed to get involved. Participants emphasised the benefits of funding, organisational support, training and networking to enact relevant activities. It was not considered sufficient that it be driven by peoples goodwill. The interaction terms of network reciprocity and income level did not pass the significance test. The interaction between farmers and members of the network is also a learning process (Wang and Lu 2015; Fahad et al., 2022b), which improves the level of cognition of cooperatives and affects their behavior in choosing to join cooperatives. This low coherence is a function of the diversity of terminology and practice, which, in turn, results from the diversity of disciplines and sectors involved. iii. A households survey was conducted in Yanliang district of Shaanxi province of China and 393 households were targeted. Australian Journal of Primary Health. The authors debated the development of coding descriptors for each NPT construct and the accuracy of mapping of data onto NPT constructs, and were alert to any data that might fall outside NPT. [11], Gallivan et al. World (10), 3446. Trust is the driving force to maintain sustainable economic development. The Active Community Engagement (ACE) continuum provides a framework for analyzing community engagement and the role the community plays in influencing lasting behavior change. Hypothesis H2. J. regions, Econ. Advantages of Choosing A Multiracial Adoption: Here are three major advantages of choosing a multiracial adoption in Oklahoma. They also reflected on public apathy, the ad hoc development, resourcing and functioning of PCTs and the loss of personnel in protected paid roles. 2013;13:64. Given the potential value of theory as a heuristic device to contribute to qualitative analysis processes [34] and the evidence that NPT is a useful for enhancing understanding of implementation work in health care [23, 35], emergent themes were subsequently mapped onto NPTs four constructs. Most participants reflected on their diminishing resources and highlighted the modifications and concessions made to their work to ensure that this way of working can continue. The implication of low coherence for the implementation and normalisation of community participation is that it limits enrolment and enactment work, and limits attempts to appraise the impact of the community participation. Marmot M, Allen J, Bell R, Bloomer E, Goldblatt P. WHO European review of social determinants of health and the health divide. Participants from both the HSE and the community were very clear that macro level organisational policy and managerial support were also crucial resources for enactment: and from a national point of view were trying to keep our heads above water trying to sustain services, trying to look at community participation, trying to do it, its never been sexy, its not one of the things that will gather their attention, at the end of the day you wont be in front of the PAC [Public Accounts Committee] because you didnt have community participation (S1, HSE Steering Group, 75). Journal of Social Policy. In: Feminist Geography in Practice: Research and Methods. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Primary care: a new direction. Aphasiology. Indeed, community participation is a rich concept, which means different things to different people. (2014) found that social capital is beneficial for farmers to join cooperatives and has a significant positive impact on the income level of members. The impact of trust on cooperative membership retention, performance, and satisfaction: an exploratory study. Asian Agric. Preston R, Waugh H, Larkins S, Taylor J. An implementation research agenda. Liu, J. These can be used to prospectively design and formatively evaluate community participation processes in the future. 35 (11), 7179+111. They can alleviate poverty, share risks, and improve income levels. It has been conceptualised as an intervention, something that managers are asked by policy makers to do, making participation a means to an end [10]. 77 (5), 11531159. Energy 193, 334343. The greater the degree of trust, the greater the influence of other members (Hansen et al., 2002). J. Agrotechnical Econ. But at the same time you are still very aware that you are, its not just mental health issues that we discuss (S2/CS1, Community unpaid, Tess). These sites had strong consistent drivers, and had invested the necessary resources over time to nourish relationships and skill sets among all stakeholders involved: I would say like with the people were used to working with [in the community] that its very easy to work with them. However, the current level of farmer household cooperation is not deep enough, the scale of cooperation is generally small, the internal structure is relatively simple (Baoyu 2015; Jan et al., 2021), the organization is losing the service-driven ability. Case study research: design and methods. Google Scholar. Sci. I think it needs to be on the national agenda and shouldnt be having to be reminded, that you have to remind somebody you know and to push all the time to get the Key Performance Indicator [KPI] in, like there has to be a time when its just part of the strategy, part of it like everything else, part of the implementation you know its on the same par as whatever, getting the teams [PCTs] set up getting ICT in place, getting the buildings organised, getting needs assessments done, you know, whatever (S1, PA HSE, 6). Dublin: Department of Health and Children; 2001. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2013. 2010;16:416. (2016). In particular, participants remarked on the continuous shifting sands regarding organisational priorities, and appointed roles and responsibilities, both in the HSE and in the community development sector. The more farmers rely on agricultural income, the more likely they are to be impoverished. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Land Use Policy 109, 105621. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105621. Econ. This meant that the resources for community participation projects beyond the protected space of the JI were significantly reduced. Ed. Hakelius, K., and Hansson, H. (2016). J. Nanjing Agri. The aim of this paper is to report an NPT analysis of the levers and barriers to the implementation of community participation in PHC in Ireland. Regression results of social networks affecting the decision-making model of farmers participation in behavior. doi:10.1007/s10668-022-02280-z, Fahad, S., and Jing, W. (2018). Netw. Gillespie BM, Harbeck E, Lavin J, Gardiner T, Withers TK, Marshall AP. Among the control variables, income level, whether family members serve as cadres, social experience, age, number of cultivated land and source of life passed the significance test at the levels of 1, 1, 1, 10, 10, and 10% levels, respectively. Table 7 provides a general description of each technique and an example of how it was incorporated into interviews and focus groups. 4th ed. IntroductionConsumers' adoption behavior is critical to the success of new products, but the effects of brand communities on new product adoption have rarely been investigated. *Correspondence: Jing Wang, wj66xyx@126.com, Green Energy Technologies for Environmental Sustainability: Drivers, Challenges, and Future Aspects, View all Wang, X., and Li, M. (2011). doi:10.1016/0743-0167(92)90005-q, Watts, D. J., and Strogatz, S. H. (1998). This study investigates and explores the adoption of information communication technology by the universities and the impact it makes on the university students' academic performance. Citizen participation in health services co-production: a roadmap for navigating participation types and outcomes. (2022b). Further analysis shows that the social network has a greater influence on the behavior of farmers choosing to participate in cooperatives than the income level, and different dimensions of social networks have different influences on the behavior of farmers choosing to participate in cooperatives. China Rural. Morgan L. Community participation in health: perpetual allure, persistent challenge. Therefore, this paper proposes the following research hypotheses: Hypothesis H1. Yin RK. 2014;9:2. TABLE 1. Chapter 18: Dissemination and Implementation in the "Introduction to Community Psychology" explains why "validated" and "effective" interventions are often never used, effective ways to put research findings to use in order to improve health, and advantages of participatory methods that provide more equitable engagement in the creation and use of scientific knowledge. Therefore, when farmers learn about cooperatives from other members of the social network, especially from major farmers, technicians and relevant government staff, they will deepen their understanding of cooperatives. Our qualitative case study analysis, using contemporary social theory, provided thick description [47], and is in line with international recommendations for implementation research [18]. 8 (3), 279291. By improving rural cultural facilities, leisure facilities, and organizing cultural activities, farmers can improve the cultural life of households and improve interaction and trust among the residents. Variables definitions and descriptive statistics. Qual Health Res. Community participation, public participation or participatory planning are the terms which are used interchangeably but aims at involving people in the community to get the maximum benefit for the whole society. doi:10.1016/s0378-8733(86)80017-x. Both studies used Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) as a conceptual framework to inform the development of study-specific topic guides and to analyse levers and barriers to the implementation of the JI into routine PHC practice (Table 3). Agric. Community participation was introduced as an alternative to the traditional approach and it was realized that when there exists a problem in the community, it is they who should solve the problem as the community would know it better what the real problem is and how it could be dealt with efficiently. 31 (06), 312. Low coherence influences enrolment work and enactment work, and attempts to appraise the impact of the work. Overall, participants were broadly positive about the impacts of community participation, but were concerned about the scope to sustain the work without the protected space and resources that the national Initiative afforded. In addition, community and HSE personnel on the ground had a key role in developing strong working partnerships between community and health service personnel: Just thinking participation is integral you need the community support and thats the catalyst for anything to change; if you havent got the community backing you up and supporting things you are attempting to do you can have all the great ideas on earth but they wont work unless they are integral to the life of the community and wanted and needed and researched valued (S2/CS6; Community Representative, Laura). Following written informed consent, three focus groups were completed and 14 interviews. The Action Catalogue is an online decision support tool that is intended to enable researchers, policy-makers and others wanting to conduct inclusive research, to find the method best suited for their specific project needs.. It also explains the factors that promote and inhibit the routine incorporation of complex health care interventions in practice (collective action), and how participants reflect on and evaluate it after a period of time (reflexive monitoring). The policy context was also important: HSE participants felt it was legitimate for them to be involved in the JI because this work formed part of the overall national primary healthcare strategy which was launched in 2001. This study was designed and implemented in a qualitative method. This NPT analysis shows that community participation in PHC is surrounded by confusion and debate among stakeholders involved about what this thing is exactly. Liao, X. J., Ying, R. Y., and Deng, H. S. (2016). Qual Health Res. doi:10.1111/agec.12483, Su, F., Song, N., Shang, H., and Fahad, S. (2022). Nureen, N., Liu, D., Ahmad, B., and Irfan, M. (2022). Australian Journal of Primary Health. Member checking was used [43] in study 1 so all stakeholders had the chance to view their transcripts. Development of a theory of implementation and integration: normalization process theory. These included project steering groups, and community health forumsFootnote 2 (CHFs), particularly designed to support the involvement of community representatives in newly established PCT meetings. J. Soc. Quantification shows that social networks contribute 12.113.4% to rural income gaps (Zhao and Lu 2010; Sun and Razzaq 2022). New York: Routledge; 2002. p. 187208. Network resources, contact resources, and status attainment. Analysis of members' participation, cooperative behavior and willingness to professional cooperatives under the new situation - a case study of five cooperatives in Guizhou Province[J]. 2013;14:12639. A 23 (4), 485498. Researches on agricultural cooperative economic organization promoting agricultural insurance development[J]. AM was PI for the two studies reported. Another key barrier was the inter-linked challenges of political commitment and resources. [23] have shown it to be useful as a heuristic device to enhance understanding of implementation journeys of a variety of interventions and innovations in healthcare settings. Background Community participation is widely believed to be beneficial to the development, implementation and evaluation of health services. 17 (01), 108118. Participants were able to support their positive informal appraisals with several concrete examples of outcomes from their work addressing real-life local issues, including successful community health fair days, a useful information directory of community and health services, and improved signage to local health services. Actively guide and organize farmers to participate in collective activities such as skill training and encourage farmers to learn, interact, and communicate with technicians and village cadres to improve their skills. The "COOPERATION" Category is devoted to show that the evolution of Life on Earth has a direction. The reason may be that farmers who serve as cadres have rich knowledge reserves and a broader vision than ordinary farmers. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Springer Nature. Terms and Conditions, This website also provides an extensive example in order to apply information. Network interaction reflects the degree of mutual communication and connection between members of a relationship, emphasizing that members achieve certain goals through language or behavioral contact. From the perspective of the sign of the influence coefficient, the interaction coefficients of the four dimensions of the social network and the income level are all negative, which means that the four dimensions of the social network and the income level have a substitution effect in improving the possibility of farmers participating in cooperatives. Community Health Forums have carried out various activities including the collection of information about issues affecting the health and well-being of local people, a forum for prioritising issues for PCTs to address and information sharing in the wider community about local service [30] (p.x). Rogers argues that diffusion is the process by which an innovation is communicated over time among the participants in a social system. 2016;19:50115. Broadly speaking, most participants reflected positively about the impacts of this way of working during the lifetime of the JI. The researchers for each study (RM and ET) kept reflective memos/diaries recording observational notes and interactional details (e.g. Taken together, this represented a reflexive approach to the analysis, which involved reflection on self, process and representation, critically examining power relations and politics in the research process and researcher accountability in data collection and interpretation including the use of theory [22, 45]. Product premium, industrial risk and sales function of farmers specialized cooperatives: an empirical analysis of the cooperative game between large and small-scale farmers[J]. In this study, all governmental and nongovernmental community based participatory health programs which were actively involved during the past 5 years (2006-2010) were selected (13 programs) (Table 1).The number of eight program were affiliated to ministry of health and medical education, three program were non . Whitehead M. The concepts and principles of equity and health. In Ireland, Slaintecare [7], and the new plan for a National Health Fund, has been published [8]. CAS Environ. (2018). Moreover, they felt they had a significant contribution to make: I grew through it, I came in as a community development worker and it was regeneration. Primary health care staff have developed a better knowledge of the health issues facing local communities and also of the supports, networking and services that local communities can provide (JIE/112019). Res. (2015). First, Gronbachs coefficient was used to test the reliability of the questionnaire, and the KMO test and the Bartlett sphericity test were used to judge the applicability of factor analysis. Better health and well-being. Based on the successful application of NPT in the analysis of interviews, and using the knowledge built up about the application of NPT constructs to this particular issue [22], these data were analysed following the principles of a deductive framework analysis based on NPTs four constructs. MacFarlane A, ODonnell C, Mair F, OReilly-de Brn M, de Brn T, Spiegel W, van den Muijsenbergh M, van Weel-Baumgarten E, Lionis C, Burns N. REsearch into implementation STrategies to support patients of different ORigins and language background in a variety of European primary care settings (RESTORE): study protocol. PLoS ONE 17 (6), e0269165. Based on the theory of social networks, this paper draws on relevant research results (Wang and Lu 2015; Wang et al., 2019; Fahad et al., 2022a) and divides the social network of farmers into four dimensions: network interaction, network learning, network reciprocity, and network trust. 2004;19:13740. And it made the group hard to gel and hard to move (S2/CS2, Community unpaid, Ella). Mampu meningkatkan dan memperbaiki kehidupan masyarakat serta kelompok baik di bidang ekonomi maupun sosial. Galway: Centre for Participatory Strategies; 2011. As recommended with all qualitative research [44], the research team worked in a group throughout the analysis process, comparing coding, discussing thoughts about how the data related to the NPT coding frame, and refining the coding frame. The Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM) [60] focuses on how different education stakeholders (e.g., teachers, parents, students and policy makers) respond on an individual level to change. See the benefits of community participation below: Promotes sense of belongingness. 2017;21:15970. Lu, S., Yao, Y., and Wang, H. (2017). This direction is toward increasing the scale of cooperation among living processes. Given the diversity of perspectives about what community participation is, these should be developed in a participatory manner with all key stakeholders [50]. The significance test shows that income level has a substitution effect on the social network. 2012;4:e32. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.12.002. Members acquire knowledge and information, accumulate experience through learning, communication and problem solving together and through the network learning effect. The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. The strength of our study is that it draws on multiple data sources and multiple stakeholder perspectives. McEvoy R, Ballini L, Maltoni S, ODonnell CA, Mair FS, MacFarlane A. From the perspective of social capital, Liang et al. It should be considered from the perspective of endogenous demand to explore the formation mechanism of farmers participation in cooperative production. Next derives the online trust and finally online learning. BMJ Glob Health. They can serve as a platform and channel for information and voices of community, communicating ideas and concepts between community and health and social services and who hold people and processes accountable [4] (p. 4). According to the factor load scores, the four factors obtained by dimensionality reduction are named as network learning (f1), network interaction (f2), network reciprocity (f3), and network trust (f4). The dependent variable in this paper is a binary variable that is suitable for binary logistic regression analysis. Manag. The future of U.S. Correspondence to The village adoption study envisages integrated and holistic development of village or cluster of villages selected on a micro/macro watershed basis, on an Action Research mode. Farmer specialized cooperatives: Mechanism employed and effect value of social capital[J]. This paper constructs three models. An independent evaluation was designed to support the process, providing a feedback loop of activities and lessons learned during the process to the participating sites vis--vis networking events, information bulletins and an online networking forum [30]. Designing Case Studies. While each study had some unique objectives and focused on particular groups of stakeholders, they shared a similar core theme of retrospectively exploring community participation in primary health care (PHC) in Ireland within the context of the JI. Energy 190, 385395. They have a higher demand for increasing their income and obtaining production, supply, and marketing services, and they are more likely to choose to join cooperatives. It shows that income level mainly affects farmers participation in cooperative behavior decision-making through the interaction between the two dimensions of online learning and online trust.
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