pre exilic prophets list

Then Isaiah conceived a child with a woman called the prophetess, who then gave birth to a son. 1:1-7 Micah was from Moresheth-gath, which was a Judean town in the Shephelah foothills of Judah, southwest of Jerusalem. Zion (Jerusalem) used to be prominent but was now taunted by the other nations. 19:10-11). Yahweh reminded Ezekiel that if a wicked person repents, they would be forgiven. 14:4-11 is directed toward the Babylonian king but that Isa. Author: georgia-mcdaniel. 7:21-24). Ezekiel saw Yahweh coming in a whirlwind filled with fire and flashing lightning, much how Yahweh appeared to Israel at Mount Sinai (Ex. Whenever the storm or whirlwind is mentioned, it always refers to the appearance of Yahweh in judgment or to His using a foreign military against another nation in judgment (Job 30:21-23; 36:27-33; 38:1-3; 40:6; Ps. They told Jeremiah that they had tried to live a life in obedience to Yahweh and wanted to know what to do. Though Yahweh justly judged their sin, He also continuously pursued them in a desire to restore them into a right relationship with Him. In the same way that He used Assyria against Israel and Judah and then used Babylon against Assyria, He would use the Medo-Persian empire against Babylon. In this division the balance of emphasis is different, switching from a focus on judgment to restoration. 20:7-18). By setting Israels sinful behavior in the context of prostitution, Hosea emphasized the seriousness of their sin and how it destroys lives. Yahweh was not saying He was now going to punish people for their own sins, unlike in the past when He judged people for their fathers sins. In the north, Nineveh of Assyria would be reduced to ruins and used for the grazing of flocks. The destruction of the temple does not mean Yahwehs temple has been removed. One basket contained good figs, and the other contained bad figs. 4:1-7; 7:16-17; Isa. 48:11-13). The narrator states that he was in the belly of the fish for three days and three nights. Yahweh promised to bring ruin to the people and turn all their celebration into misery. The only place this battle is mentioned in the Second Testament is Rev. [12] Robert B. Chisholm. But their gods were only wooden idols. Smith, Gary V. Hosea, Amos, Micah. 33:23-24). The kings of Judah had used their power to shed innocent blood, oppress their people, desecrate the holy festivals of Yahweh with their idolatry and evil, practice sexual immorality, take bribes, and extort the poor. All people from all the world will have access to the holy cosmic mountain of Yahweh. The Old Testament prophets spoke into; of 39 /39. There He led them out of Egypt through the Red Sea, destroyed the Egyptian Army, and provided water in the wilderness. Unlike so many kings who came before Hezekiah, he showed himself to be a man of God by immediately going to Yahweh for help. 11:18-23 Jeremiahs message of judgment was so unpatriotic against Jerusalems message of prosperity and peace, many people plotted to kill him. 2:6-20). 1:1-3:5). 52:13-53:12 This is the fourth of the servant songs. Though the Israelites had made millions of sacrifices, Yahweh speaks as if they had made none since they made them while continuing to sin and without true devotion to Yahweh. 40-66) anticipates the exile and addresses the concerns of the future exiles of Babylon. Yahweh condemned them for living a lifestyle of evil and then sacrificing in the temple, thinking they were safe from Yahwehs judgment (Jer. This means they were in exile for 66, 58, or 47 years, depending on which date one uses. But they rebelled as well (the generations of the judges), so Yahweh swore that He would punish them. Exiled (removed from the land) in 586 B.C. 19:5-10), but now they were concerned only with wealth and ignored the plights of the most vulnerable in society. Then she grew up, and Yahweh clothed and adorned her when He made a covenant with her. 2:1-8 Jer. They are ignorant of the true sovereign God and do not turn to Him for help. Therefore, He was going to destroy them and strip their land of everything. 10:28-32). [20] See Robert B. Chisholm. Jesus sacrifice has made the Levitical priest obsolete (Heb. 28:49). Yahweh was bringing a judgment upon Judah that would be so great it would make even the strongest collapse in fear (Jer. But until then, Yahweh was going to send for the fishermen and hunters (Babylonians) to catch Judah and take them into exile. 49:3). It was almost as if he did not want them to repent and wanted them to be judged. therese120802. But if He has fashioned a nation into a pot of prosperity but they rebel against Him, then He will refashion them into a pot to be destroyed. And the priests had defiled the temple of Yahweh and broken His laws. In the center of the whirlwind were four living creatures that had the form of a man, except that each one had four faces, one on each side of their heads. 5:2; Isa. Yahweh judges the nations largely on how they treated the other nations around them, but He judged Israel on how they treated the word of Yahweh and His covenant. 21 terms. 14:9-11). The poet told the wall of the city to mourn the tragedy that had happened in the city. This would have only been possible on a legal level if she had actually left him in a divorce or was living with her father (Lev. Then Yahweh told Ezekiel to prophesy to the breath so that it would go into the bodies and make them live again. The darkness of judgment would overtake the cosmos, and the nations would be filled with fear when they heard of Egypts demise. There is no acknowledgement or repentance of his folly in trusting in the riches of Jerusalem for deliverance, and there is none of his previous concern for the ongoing welfare of Jerusalem. Even if they tried to seek Him, they would not find Him because He had withdrawn from them due to their unfaithfulness. The names Magog, Meshech, Tubal, Gomer, and Togarmah appear in Gen. 10:2-3 as the descendants of Japheth located in Anatolia (modern day Turkey). 1:12-15). Yahweh reminded Israel that they had not made themselves greatthat He had given them their land and wealth. When the official heard that he was still preaching a message of surrendering to the Babylonians, they informed Zedekiah that Jeremiah had to be killed, so he gave Jeremiah into their hands. It had already been destroyed by the Assyrians in 732 BC. The people were not like silver, however, but like bronze and iron, from which impurities could not be burned away despite the intensity of the judgment of fire (Jer. [31] See Robert B. Chisholm. 60:19-20). The problem is that Yahweh never wanted a temple to begin with, and Rev. When the appointed time was over, Yahweh would deliver them and bring them back to the Promised Land. Jeremiah continued to complain that his ministry was too hard to handle. But if they did not, they would be destroyed with an unquenchable fire. 2:1-5 Yahweh declared that a day was coming when He would establish His cosmic mountain as the highest point in all the earth. Judah had become corrupt just like Israel, so Yahweh would allow them to be destroyed and taken into captivity by the Babylonians (586 BC) just like Israel was by the Assyrians (722 BC). The Book of Jeremiah. The rulers and judges demanded bribes, and the powerful did what benefited themselves. ; Returned to the land 516 B.C. Yahweh then condemned them for violating the law of the sabbatical year, in which slaves were supposed to be let free after six years of service (Deut. It was not uncommon for people in the ancient Near East to have more than one name (Gen. 32:28; 35:18; 2 Sam. The first (Ezek. Even many kings did not have two homes. But now the time had come to celebrate their deliverance from exile. Nebuchadnezzar II then went to Jerusalem and burned down the temple, the palace, and all the houses of Jerusalem. He would also lead the festivals in which the people participate. Those who were blind, deaf, and lame will be healed and restored. Yahweh continued to describe His purpose being carried out by the invading army and its destruction of Babylon (Jer. Assyria would strip the land of all its crops like one shaves anothers head. 1) rose up, left the Holy of Holies, and rested at its threshold. Yet Yahweh had planned to finish him completely and break both his arms. Zions exiles would return and find relief one day, but Edom would continue to suffer. 51:12-15). Jeremiah then expressed his grief over the coming destruction, but he trusted in Yahweh as his comforter (Jer. Isa. The Divine Council of Yahweh, at www.knowingthebible.net. 31:35-37). Now Israel must prepare themselves to meet their sovereign Judge in judgment. His love causes Him to pursue His people and show them compassion. 41:1-7 Yahweh challenges the nations to a debate on the superiority of Yahweh compared to their gods. The Ninevites did not have the advantage of special divine revelation concerning the will of Yahweh. 5:1-3 Yahweh condemned the priests, who were supposed to lead Israel in righteousness but instead led them in idolatry and corrupted many Israelite cities with their pagan shrines. 1:17-22 She reaches out for help, but no one rescues her because Yahweh will not allow it. 5:20-31 The people of Judah were spiritually blind. Then he was to burn a third of it in the map of the city, which symbolized the people dying of a plague and famine in the city. If Israel thought they were immune to exile, they should consider the experience of Jacob, who, after he had been chosen by Yahweh, was then driven by Yahweh from the land. Zedekiah agreed to free Jeremiah. 1:12-15 Nahum then gave the oracle from Yahweh. Thus, He will persist in His judgment through many generations because the people will continue to sin through many generations. Yahweh commands Abraham and his descendants to cut off this part of their flesh, or they would be cut off from the covenant blessings. Handbook on the Prophets, p. 410. Hezekiah asked for a sign to validate the prophecy. Yahweh then gives four descriptions of Ninevehs destruction (Nah. The Ammonites had taken territory away from Israel, but Yahweh would lead an attack against its towns and reduce them to ruins. In contrast to Yahwehs commanding him to arise, he went down (yarad) to Joppa and down (yarad) into the bottom of the boat. 37:18-28 Yahweh told Ezekiel to take two sticks and then to write the name of Judah on one and on the other the name of Josephrepresenting Ephraim, the head of the ten northern tribes of Israeland join them together in the same hand. Therefore, He was sending the Babylonians to destroy them. Their actions violated the covenant, which said that the land ultimately belonged to Yahweh and that only He could distribute land allotments. 4; Ps. The word of Yahweh came again to Jeremiah to remind the people of all the disaster He had brought on Jerusalem because His people had disobeyed Him. 27-28). 12:18). In those other places, there is a clear contextual connection made between the the branch and a human ruler. 24:1-20 Yahweh now moves from judgment oracles against individual nations and develops His worldwide judgement that would prepare the way for His coming kingdom on earth. This judgment was deserved, for they had defied Yahweh by taunting His people after they were destroyed and by taking advantage of them. 7:10-25 To assure Ahaz, Yahweh then told Isaiah that Ahaz could for ask any sign from Yahweh to confirm His promise. Only Yahweh sees the heart and the bigger picture.[39]. Name 3 Southern prophets. What they had once done to the nations would be done to them. In this division Yahweh announced that He would bring great blessing to all humankind after His judgment. 51:1-15 Yahweh then calls Israel to remember their pastwhen Yahweh chose Abraham and His barren wife to be the parents of His chosen people. The Minor Prophets - Introduction | Bible.org 14:12-13), yet this god was hurled down to the grave (Isa. This is made possible only through the once-and-for-all sacrifice of Jesus (Heb. Though Yahweh sits high on His throne, He is not inaccessible; He will come down to His people and deliver them. Now they would fall under the same judgment as the pagan nations. This would happen because they were filled with lust and greed like a prostitute, practiced sorcery, and enslaved the nations. This transformation He was bringing would be as drastic as the forest of Lebanon being torn down or a deaf man suddenly hearing. 22:11-17, Jehoiakim (Eliakim) (609598 BC) in Jer. The prophet declares that Israel is Yahwehs people and that He needs to rescue them (Isa. Zion will no longer be known as Deserted and Desolate but as My Delight Is in Her and Married. The speaker then announces that he has posted watchmen on the city walls to remain diligent in prayer and look for the restoration of Zion. The Post-Exilic Prophets - Ligonier Ministries 30:20-26). [1] See Robert B. Chisholm. He would remove Israels sins, for He is faithful to His covenant promises to Abraham and Jacob. The Philistines were rejoicing because a king who had oppressed them, the rod that struck you and that snake, was dead. Judah would be destroyed because of her immorality and carefree attitude about it. Seven nations are targeted, suggesting completeness and finality. In the second half of the eighth century B.C.E. 65:1-7). 14:18; 16:27, 32; Josh. Surprisingly, it tasted sweet despite its contents of doom. This name evokes the deceiving Jacob, who was not trusting in Yahweh, before Yahweh changed his name to Israel (Gen. 32:22-32). The people of Israel were lost sheep devoured by the surrounding nations (Jer. 4:1-6:3; 6:4-11:11; 11:12-14:9). 22:11-30 These verses take place before the previous chapters because Jeremiah was called to preach against the kings who preceded Zedekiah. 32:9-20 Yahweh then condemned the complacent and wealthy women of Jerusalem, who felt secure but should have been trembling in fear at the judgment that was coming (Isa. They would be punished for their wickedness. 19). They were risking their lives for food and suffering from diseases. 2:4-15 Yahweh declared His judgment on nations representing the four points of the compass. In the second vision, Jeremiah saw a pot of boiling water tipped away from the north, symbolizing the northern army of Babylon that would come and destroy Judah (Jer. 38:14-28 Zedekiah then questioned Jeremiah for the truth of what was going to happen to him and swore that he would never allow Jeremiah to be harmed by anyone if he told him. Rather, both are true. [2] See Robert B. Chisholm. Pre-exilic Prophets on Apple Podcasts. Nahum was a pre-Babylonian prophet who ministered sometime between the fall of the Egyptian city in 663 BC and the fall of the Assyrian capital Nineveh in 612 BC. The judgment that was coming was so great that their land would be known as the Valley of Slaughter, for it would become a mass burial site. In the Bible the raging sea symbolizes the forces of chaos that threaten to undo the created order. 1:1-2 The epilogue begins with an introduction to Amos and his commission as a prophet. 28:9-13). Know the primary message of the post-exile prophets. The fall of Babylon would mean deliverance for Yahwehs exiled people whom He would return to the Promised Land from their captivity in Babylon (Isa. 4:1-7; 7:16-17; Isa. Jonah was a pre-Assyrian prophet who ministered during 793753 BC, and, according to 2Kgs. There they would know the grief they had caused Yahweh and would mourn their sin. Yahweh did not make Jeremiahs life easier but did promise to protect him from destruction (Jer. [15] To love loyalty means one is passionate and seeks the good of others. The enemy is coming and will surround the city because Judah has rebelled against Yahweh and lived in wickedness. 40:23-24; Jer. Moabite refugees would be forced to flee for their lives while the leaders and their god Chemosh would be hauled off into exile (Jer. 91:13). Yahweh would pour out His Spirit on them, and they would renounce their sin and recognize Yahweh as their sovereign king. Then Yahweh delivers His people in the exodus and defeats the pharaoh of Egypt. 32; Num. 1:31; Ps. Handbook on the Prophets, p. 425. The first regulation was that foreigners were prohibited from entering the temple (Ezek. The translators of the King James Bible misunderstood Isa. 4:4; 9:26). 48:14-25). 1:4; 10; 30:3; Jonah 1:4; Nahum 1:3; Zech. Therefore, the prophet who prophesies peace can be trusted only if it comes true. 22:24-30. There is no God like Yahweh, who forgives sins and restores the inheritance of the remnant. Then one of the Cherubim took the fire that was among them and handed it to the man in linen. Yet they continued in their rebellion, so Yahweh was going to remove them from the land of blessing. 7:6). This division is pretty much the same story in 2 Kgs. 11:8-11). 28:23-24). Yahweh assures them that one day their oppressor would be punished as well. 51:15-19). 43:13-17) and gave instructions concerning the dedicatory sacrifices (Ezek. An Overview of the Book of Isaiah | Bible to Life But like Adam, who was cast out of the garden for his pride and autonomy, so the king of Tyre would be cast from his throne for his pride and autonomy. Habakkuk acknowledged that Yahweh had been personally involved in the nation of Israel from their inception. 34:6-7; Joel 2:13), and he wanted the Ninevites to die. 10:1-22 Ezekiel then saw Yahweh enthroned over the Cherubim at the southern part of the temple, which are the four living creatures of Ezek. 11:22-23), they faultily believed that they were innocent of the sins for which Yahweh had punished them (Jer. But they did not know the plans of Yahweh and how He would use Judahs exile not to destroy them but to lead them back to Him and restore them. 35 Yahweh describes the future deliverance of Israel from exile. In contrast, Micah was filled with the power of the Spirit of Yahweh because he declared the message of Yahweh. For if a wicked man were to repent of his sins and obey Yahweh, then all his crimes would be forgotten and he would live. 7. The Minor Prophets | Bible.org They would live in the land and follow the law of Yahweh. She will be ready to produce crops again. 14:28-32 The second oracle is against the Philistines, who were located on the west coast of Israel. But Yahweh also stated that Zedekiah would not die by the sword but peacefully. 13:1-14 Yahweh told Jeremiah to buy a belt, wear it, bury it, and then unbury it. The captain told Jonah to arise (quwm), which was the same thing Yahweh had told him to do (Jon. He commanded them to get rid of their idols in Egypt (Josh. Ezekiel ministered to Judah (southern kingdom) from Babylon during 593571 BC. Edom had treated Judah in a harsh way, so Yahweh was going to use the Israelites to destroy them. In this division Yahweh told Hosea to marry Gomer, who would end up pursuing an adulterous lifestyle. 11:17-19). 17:9-11). 22:8). They could only comprehend their reconciliation with Yahweh through the temple. Once the people repented of this thinking (Jer. [38] Then Yahweh commanded the angelic beings to kill everyone in the temple and city who did not bear the mark. 25:12-14 The third oracle was against Edom, located south of Judah and the Dead Sea. 5:18). He accused Yahweh of being unjust in His lack of response. This would happen to Babylon because of their wicked sins and the way they oppressed Israel while in exile. Then He would bring her back to their home in the Promised Land and restore her wine. Handbook on the Prophets, p. 408. 5:1-7 Isaiah begins with a love song offered by the covenant people of Yahweh. groups: Pre-exilic, Exilic, and Post-exilic. Ezekiels left side would bear the weight of his body just as Israel bore the weight of their sin. And not all the sacrifices in the world could give testimony to the greatness of Yahweh. Then the Cherubim and Yahwehs glory left the temple and went to the mountains east of the city. 30:18-33 Despite His necessary judgment, Yahweh longed to show Jerusalem compassion. Yahweh stated that he would not die for his fathers sins, for he is not his father. This is a timeline of the development of prophecy among the Jews in Judaism. 7:22). The original audience would have understood the word everlasting as a hyperbole emphasizing the long reign of the king (1 Kgs. 6:7; 29:45; Lev. 50:4-7). The people constantly violated the old covenant despite Yahwehs love for them. The sin of humanity had corrupted everything in creation. 3:16-18; Ezek. 8 both speak of the Assyrians coming before the child reached the age of reason. Chapters 2 and 4 are Jonahs conversations with Yahweh. And Israel and Judah would be reunited in the land. The New Jerusalem will also be Yahwehs holy cosmic mountain (Mic. 14 as referring to the fall of Satan and mistook the Latin word lucifer for the name of Satan. But Yahweh would also restore Israel back to the Promised Land (Jer. But before Yahweh established this new city, He would first have to remove the current corrupt leadership. The context of Isa. Yahweh told Ezekiel that He was sending him to the Israelites to preach a message of judgment to them. 48:26-39). He is to bring comfort to a mourning people. 27:1). 4:3-4; Isa. Chisholm, Robert B. Handbook on the Prophets. 72:10; Isa. Yahweh will teach them and enable them to live righteously according to His law. Yahweh desires that ones heart and behavior reflect His character and deeds. The letter encouraged them to settle down, to become a part of the cities in Babylon, and to marry and have children, increasing in number. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990. Yahweh declares that all the nations will give up their captives and bring them to Him as an offering. So He would pour out His fury on them, and the whole earth would be consumed. 36:13). 27:1-36 Ezekiels lament sounds more like a taunt against Tyre. How Does Euthyphro End, Articles P