. 12:40) or (2) relatives (cf. Tobiah may have chosen this idiom because of the connotation of jackals with ruined, cursed cities (cf. TEV"lead us on our journey" It means the best pieces of meat. It was probably the gate closest to where the sacrificial sheep were brought into the temple from Bethlehem. They document the reestablishment of the Covenant community in the Promised Land. 12Next to him Shallum the son of Hallohesh, the official of half the district of Jerusalem, made repairs, he and his daughters. 2. God is in control of world events (also the recurrent theme of Daniel). 50:17). This weight of valuable metal took 50 (cf. Esther has been placed in a special place for God to use (like Joseph) at this critical time (i.e., the unseen hand of God). This is because of the unusual non-Jewish names. It is represented in English as a series of INFINITIVES. Exod. 7Since the days of our fathers to this day we have been in great guilt, and on account of our iniquities we, our kings and our priests have been given into the hand of the kings of the lands, to the sword, to captivity and to plunder and to open shame, as it is this day. Joel sees this curse as the harbinger of the great and dreadful day of the Lord (2:32), a major theme in the prophets. 49the sons of Hanan, the sons of Giddel, the sons of Gahar, 1.violations of the holiness of the temple, vv. NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 10:25-44 He could have made a decision administratively, but hoped that the fear of God wold cause true repentance and reform. "prince of Judah" The term "prince" (BDB 672 I) means "one lifted up" or "chief." 36:22-38). She was not removed from the harem, but from her position as the king's number one wife. Exod. 15So I went up at night by the ravine and inspected the wall. 20For the priests and the Levites had purified themselves together; all of them were pure. 12Yet many of the priests and Levites and heads of fathers' households, the old men who had seen the first temple, wept with a loud voice when the foundation of this house was laid before their eyes, while many shouted aloud for joy; 13so that the people could not distinguish the sound of the shout of joy from the sound of the weeping of the people, for the people shouted with a loud shout, and the sound was heard far away. Isa. The spiritual reforms of Ezra (a continuation of Ezra 7-10), 8:1-10:39, 1. NJB"the aristocracy of Samaria". John Joseph Owens, Analytical Key to the Old Testament, vol. 8:4 "Pahath-moab" This is a leader of the returning Jews who is mentioned several times (cf. 146-158. 17Those who were rebuilding the wall and those who carried burdens took their load with one hand doing the work and the other holding a weapon. 24; II Chr. 34 the men of Jericho, 345; I Esd. 9:4; 10:3). The location of "the house of the mighty men" is uncertain. He was in some capacity connected with the gate of the palace (cf. v. 8) so as to influence Nehemiah's plans. 2:8, 4.withered fields or harvests, Isa. 5:11-31, esp. The PRONOUN "him" and the ADJECTIVE are spelled almost exactly alike. Gen. 40:22; 41:13; Deut. 36 and 38. 13:14. NRSV"we must do" 11:17; 20:34,41; 28:25; 29:13; 34:12-13). NASB"namely, words of peace and truth" This is who God is! 56the sons of Neziah, the sons of Hatipha. The Hiphil was often used of teaching the Law (cf. b.Ezra and Nehemiah focus on the covenant with Moses, while I & II Chronicles focus on the covenant with David. It is an Aramaic legal idiom also found in Egyptian papyri of this period (cf. All of the tribes of Israel came from his sons (cf. Then I found the book of the genealogy of those who came up first in which I found the following record: NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 7:6-7a Some scholars think that chapter 1 was the verbal decree and chapter 6 was the written decree for the Archives. 1:21). 4:23 "stopped them by force of arms" From Nehemiah 1:3 it seems that the Samaritans not only stopped them, but destroyed the work they had done (cf. Messianic prediction by the earlier prophets like Isaiah and Jeremiah provide the framework of messianism in the post-exilic period. 6. The Charge to Resume Building 1:1-15 II. 7:6-63. Ezra responded to God's call and actively allowed God to equip him. Josh. See Special Topic: Heart at Neh. 3But Zerubbabel and Jeshua and the rest of the heads of fathers' households of Israel said to them, "You have nothing in common with us in building a house to our God; but we ourselves will together build to the Lord God of Israel, as King Cyrus, the king of Persia has commanded us.". Exod. The promises of the prophets belong to this remnant, this segullah. NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 12:44-47 TEV, NJB"have already been sold as slaves". Gen. 1:2). The Levites communicated to the people the wishes of the leadership (cf. 1When Mordecai learned all that had been done, he tore his clothes, put on sackcloth and ashes, and went out into the midst of the city and wailed loudly and bitterly. "from the peoples of the land" In pre-exilic days this referred to the Jewish population, but in this context and period it refers to the population of the Persian province Beyond the River. Gen. 12:3; Exod. TEV"she was deeply disturbed" What were the rich Jews doing to their poor brothers in chapter 5? 9Now the young lady pleased him and found favor with him. 2. "Haman, the son of Hammedatha the Agagite" The exact etymology of the term "Agagite" (BDB 8, KB 10, "violent" or "angry") has caused much discussion. "in the name of the God of Israel who was over them" The purpose of this phrase is to verify a renewed covenant relationship between the returning Israelites and the God of Israel. 13:14 "Remember me for this, O my God" The VERB (BDB 269, KB 269, Qal IMPERATIVE) is used in the sense of supplication, not command. Ezra 2:2; Neh. History tells us about 50,000 did. Note that all technical terms and abbreviations are explained fully in the following documents: Brief Definitions of Greek Grammatical Structure,Textual Criticism, and Glossary. "the people of Israel and the priests and the Levites" This three-fold division of the Jewish returnees is consistent throughout Ezra and Nehemiah. 24:13). Prayer is a way for humans to show their faith and trust in the faithful, trustworthy God. 23:6). 3:3; 9:1,2,11; 10:2,11) and Nehemiah (cf. And committed great blasphemies, The location has never been found and the meaning of the name is uncertain (BDB 13). "who preserves the covenant and lovingkindness" The first VERB (BDB1036, KB 1581, Qal ACTIVE PARTICIPLE) means "to keep," "ro watch," "to preserve." 59the sons of Shephatiah, the sons of Hattil, the sons of Pochereth-hazzebaim, the sons of Amon. The Levites explained the Scripture to the hearers (also a function of the Targums). This withdrawal was for the stated purpose of obeying YHWH's commands (cf. She found favor (see Special Topic: Hesed at Neh. It was a way to know the will of YHWH, as was the Urim and Thummim (cf. .send" These are all Qal PLURAL IMPERATIVES. Nehemiah precedes Ezra, who came to Jerusalem in 398 b.c., which was the seventh year of Artaxerxes II. 9:5 The Septuagint adds the phrase "and Ezra said. 7, but also overwhelming similarity. And what is your further request? 14, calls it "a small dish or other container," p. 5. 9:14-16). 2. This is a reference to the Egyptian deliverance (cf. .princes" These are the three levels of Persian administration. 3. Much of Ezra is made up of official documents translated into the text. 28:11ff). NKJV"astonished" 5:23-27). Baba Bathra 15a. "tower," BDB 153) for reading the word of God. A. The women who went into the king's presence one time and were never called again still became permanently part of the harem (i.e., concubines) because of their one intimate contact with the king. Please, let us leave off this usury. C.The first Hebrew edition of the MT to divide them was in a.d. 1448. 40 the sons of Immer, 1,052; "forever and ever" For "forever" see Special Topic: 'Olam (Forever) at Ezra 3:11. I did not tell anyone what my God was putting into my mind to do for Jerusalem and there was no animal with me except the animal on which I was riding. 4. .drink. Their Jewish lineage involved inheritance rights in Judah ("each to his city") as well as covenant renewal promises from YHWH. The e-Books formats are Pdf, ePub, Tuebl, Mobi and Audiobooks. v. 7), begins here and runs through v. 16. Then they said, "Let us arise and build." 17They finished investigating all the men who had married foreign wives by the first day of the first month. After the Exile it referred to the poorest people of the land (cf. "to seek the Lord God of Israel" The opposite of "separate from" (6:21) is "to seek" (BDB 205, KB233, Qal INFINITIVE CONSTRUCT). See SPECIAL TOPIC: NAMES FOR DEITY at Neh. The etymology is uncertain, but from cognates it may have originally referred to. It has the connotation of willful rejection (cf. 24:9; I Chr. It then speaks of the creation of man and the original sin, the reason why Adam and Eve were destitute of paradise. Option one seems best in this context. Some commentators think it was the residence of the Persian governor (NIV Study Bible footnote, p. 698). II Kgs. Chap. TEV). 8:9 "The governor" This is a Persian loan word (BDB 1077, cf. The trend is set! The Levites spoke very distinctly (Rotherham's Emphasized Bible, p. 486). Num. 2:10-16). Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. 2. II Chr. This was an unusual arrangement. NRSV"There were . vv. 3, p. 1, and Francis Brown, S. R. Driver, and Charles Briggs [ed], of William Gesenius' Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament) also occurs in v. 5, where the stirs up the exiles to return home. 7:6; II Sam. Both volumes offer a comprehensive understanding of the Bible, making them valuable resources for education, growth, and faith. 13Then on the second day the heads of fathers' households of all the people, the priests and the Levites were gathered to Ezra the scribe that they might gain insight into the words of the law. The term (BDB 874) means "place of muster" (cf. NASB, NKJV, The first section, First Isaiah (chapters 1-39) contains a large number of messages describing the judgement that will fall on the people of Judah unless they change their ways. 24As for their children, half spoke in the language of Ashdod, and none of them was able to speak the language of Judah, but the language of his own people. 18:26). Rabbi Azarias says that Joiakim the High Priest wrote it during the reign of Darius I, in the late sixth century b.c. The Persians had overall political power in the satraps but allowed local autonomy in areas of religion and customs. 32-38. 6.2) tells us that there were 400 young ladies. They were Hivites (cf. Notice the number of times people by this name are mentioned in I Chronicles3:19; 5:13; 8:17; 9:7,8,11,12; and in Nehemiah3:6; 8:4; 10:7,20; 11:7; 12:13,16,25,33. NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 8:31-34 7:1-5). Possibly this meeting occurred at the city gate, which was the place of justice and social life in ancient Jewish communities. In Arabic this same root is used for treason, treachery, and betrayal. The same term introduces the biblical books of Joshua, Judges, Ruth, I & II Samuel, Nehemiah, Ezekiel, and Jonah. 3, p. 231). The JPSOA combines the meaning by "he would lead off with praise" (The Jewish Study Bible, p. 1706). II Chr. Persian historical documents, 2:23; 3:14; 4:8; 6:1; 8:13; 10:2, 3.possibly oral traditions, especially of what happened in the provinces, 4.what "the book" of 9:32 refers to is uncertain. 27:11; Ruth 2:20. Exod. The VERB (BDB 304, KB 302) is a Piel IMPERATIVE. 2Then Jeshua the son of Jozadak and his brothers the priests, and Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel and his brothers arose and built the altar of the God of Israel to offer burnt offerings on it, as it is written in the law of Moses, the man of God. 38:3). 10:6). 5:2 "Zerubbabel" For a good discussion of the theories about the relationship of Sheshbazzar to Zerubbabbel see Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties by Gleason L. Archer, pp. "the month Adar" See Special Topic: Ancient Near Eastern Calendars at Ezra 3:1. 4:13 Mordecai seems to be somewhat upset at Esther's response. Gen. 31:7; Num. This Hebrew VERB (BDB 936, KB 1224, Qal IMPERFECT) means "a dispute," "a controversy," or "a legal court case." These nationalities no longer had their identity (except Egypt, Ammon, Moab) in the post-exilic Persian period. 8:5 "And Ezra opened the book in the sight of all the people. Gal. 2:46) is a Hebrew (BDB 629) idiom, "soothing aroma" (e.g., Gen. 8:21; Exod. Zech. It was a symbol of Persian royal authority and power. 17:24); God's works are great (Ps. NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 8:1-2 Why he was confined to his home has been the subject of great debate: (1) it is related to Num. .then" structure. This, of course, was not to the exclusion of temple worship in Jerusalem. It is uncertain if they are priests, tribal leaders, or heads of clans (families). . This was exactly where Nehemiah had started his nighttime reconnoitering (cf. 28Even one of the sons of Joiada, the son of Eliashib the high priest, was a son-in-law of Sanballat the Horonite, so I drove him away from me. His name occurs in some later lists of leaders of Ammon. The ADVERB "deeply" (BDB 547) is added for emphasis. .as gatekeepers" The city as a whole was considered holy to Nehemiah, and he appointed Levites to guard the city gates (cf. 6:12; Job 11:13; Ps. Here in v. 22 it is obvious that Uzzi is from the same family of Asaph mentioned in v. 17. 2:4), and later, under Ezra (8:8; I Esdras 8:34) another 81 or 82 (which included Michael and Zebadiah). Nor the pillar of fire by night, to light for them the way in which they were to go. The goal is still the samea righteous people, but the mechanism has changed; an internal law/a new heart/a new spirit! Obadiah relates to an invasion of Judah and harassment of Jerusalem by Edom, the nation east of the Dead Sea from Esau, Jacob's brother. Hag. 13:27 "by acting unfaithfully against our God" This term "unfaithfully" (BDB 591, KB 612, Qal INFINITIVE CONSTRUCT) is also used in Ezra 10:2,10 to describe Jews marrying pagan women. Xerxes I's father, Darius, had 20 satraps (cf. 1:1 "in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia", "has given me all of the kingdoms of the earth", "He has appointed me to build Him a house in Jerusalem", 1:5 "then the heads of the fathers of the, "everyone whose spirit God had stirred to go up", 1:7 "King Cyrus brought out the articles of the house of the, 2:1 "Now these are the people of the province", "the number of the men of the people of Israel", 2:64 "the whole assembly numbered 42,360", 2:69 "According to their ability they gave", "So they set up the altar on its foundation", "they were terrified because of the peoples of the land", 3:4 "they celebrated the feast of booths as it is written", 3:6 "but the foundation of the temple of the, "according to the permission they had from Cyrus", "appointed the Levites from twenty years and older", 3:10 "the builders had laid the foundation", "according to the directions of King David of Israel", 3:11 "For He is good, for His lovingkindness is upon Israel forever", "since the days of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria", 4:9 "their colleagues, the judges and the lesser governors, the officials, the secretaries", To King Artaxerxes: Your servants, the men in the region beyond the River, and now, 4:13 "will damage the revenue of the kings", 4:13 "we are in the service of the place", "in the name of the God of Israel who was over them", "'Who issued you a decree to rebuild this temple'", 5:5 "the eye of their God was on the elders of the Jews", "and from then until now it has been under construction and it is not yet completed", "its height being 60 cubits and its width 60 cubits", "let the cost be paid from the royal treasury", 6:9 "whatever is needed, both young bulls, rams, and lambs for a burnt offering", 6:10 "may be acceptable sacrifices to the God of heaven and pray for the life of the king and his sons", "his house shall be made a refuse heap on account of this", 6:12 "the God who has caused His name to dwell there", 6:14 "Cyrus, Darius, and Artaxerxes king of Persia", "according to the command of the God of Israel and the decree of Cyrus, Darius, and Artaxerxes", 6:15 "this temple was completed on the third day of the month Adar; it was the sixth year of the reign of Darius", 6:17 "as a sin offering for all Israel 12 male goats", "for all Israel 12 male goats, corresponding to the number of tribes of Israel", 6:21 "all those who had separated themselves", 7:1 "Now after these things, in the reign of Artaxerxes king of Persia", 7:8 "in the fifth month, which was in the seventh year of the king", 7:9 "on the first month he began to go up from Babylon; and on the first of the fifth month he came to Jerusalem", "the good hand of his God was upon him", "to study.
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