The wars of Alexander the Great (Greek: ) were a series of conquests that were carried out by Alexander III of Macedon from 336 BC to 323 BC. Alexander was born around July 20, 356 B.C., in Pella in modern-day northern Greece, which was the administrative capital of ancient Macedonia. Euclid space telescope launches this week. In 336B.C.E.,at age 20,Alexander became king of Macedoniawhena political rival assassinated his father. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Alexander watched his father campaign nearly every year and win victory after victory. Alexander the Great was an. Thanks for contributing an answer to History Stack Exchange! Direct link to chinmaybho4151's post Alxandros (Alexander) wa, Posted 6 years ago. Stephanus of Byzantium recorded around twenty settlements. Alexanders cities were most likely intended to be administrative headquarters for his empire, primarily settled by Greeks, many of whom had served in Alexanders military campaigns. At that point Polyperchon, a regent of Macedon who had been replaced by Cassander and had all but disappeared for the previous six years, began championing Heracles as Alexander's true heir, and Polyperchon began forming an army. Why did Alexander the Great name so many cities after himself? One was Barsine, daughter of Darius III, and the other was a Persian woman Arrian identified as Parysatis. Haphaestion's death caused a drastic change in Alexander's personality, Abernethy said. about 70 cities were named after Alexander the great. Why did Alexander the Great name cities after himself? Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. Alexander was born in 356B.C.E. He spent most of his reign on a military campaign throughnortheast Africa and southwestern Asia. Direct link to 's post Because it's geographical, Posted 6 years ago. "His astounding career of conquest inspired not just Caesar and Augustus but also Mark Antony, Napoleon, Hitler and other would-be world conquerors from the West.". However, none of these plans came to fruition in Alexander's lifetime. But seen through Persian eyes, Alexander is far from "Great". Instead of fighting, Cassander negotiated with Polyperchon. [39], In Syria, the city of Antioch, later to become one of the major cities of the ancient world, claimed a relationship with Alexander. So how do we tell the history of Alexander, pulling apart the myths and legends and reconstructing an accurate narrative? Reign A map showing the known world at the time of the Ptolemaic Empire Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike, Cities Named Alexandria by Alexander the Great. I can see that there is a date from 310 and 100 BCE. The accounts of Alexander's campaigns, primarily those of Arrian, Plutarch, Diodorus, Curtius Rufus, and Justin, provide supplementary evidence. As some settlements may have taken on multiple such sobriquets, it is likely that "different authors, undoubtedly reflecting different local traditions, might have been referring to the same Alexandreia by different epithets", in the words of the historian Getzel Cohen. least 70 cities. While Alexander may have had his own reasons for expanding eastward, "his official reason for wanting to conquer the Achaemenid Persian Empire was to lead the allied Greeks in a war of liberation: to free forever from Persian control the Greek cities along the Anatolian coast and on the island of Cyprus, and in so doing also to exact revenge for the Persians' invasion of Greece under Great King Xerxes in 480-479 BCE," Cartledge wrote. Afterward, his weary troops refuse to go further, and he is forced to turn back. [35][36] Although Alexander certainly took a great interest in Priene (including dedicating the city's temple to Athena and granting exemptions to the populace), and even though it is probable that the town was refounded in the late fourth century, there is no direct evidence to claim Alexander carried it out. Additional reporting by Jessie Szalay, Live Science contributor, and Jonathan Gordon, Editor of All About History. In fact, the son was to be killed in the War of the Diadochi that followed. He arranged for Alexander to be tutored by Aristotle himself His education infused him with a love of knowledge, logic, philosophy, music and culture. In June 323 B.C., while he was readying troops, he caught a fever that would not go away. Plutarch provides the maximum estimate of seventy cities in his Life of Alexander, but most texts attest to between ten and twenty foundations. But I don't think it's a stretch to say, considering all he achieved, that he was a bit mad. Persian rule in Egypt came to an end with the arrival of Alexander the Great (pictured here). Considering the emphasis on Alexandria in Egypt as his first foundation, it is considered very unlikely that Alexander founded the settlement, although it almost certainly existed. 2. he met Roxana, the daughter of a local ruler. Direct link to History Helper's post There were many aspects, , Posted 5 months ago. Here's what the groundbreaking mission will do. Difference between machine language and machine code, maybe in the C64 community? Alexandria (given name) Who named 70 cities after himself? He was very charismatic which allowed him to be a great leader. "Alexander had always been a heavy drinker and the substance abuse began to take its toll. Alexander took advantage of the opportunity by defeating a Thracian people called the Maedi and founding "Alexandroupolis," a city he named after himself. The two armies met at the Hydaspes River in 326 B.C. He also adopted elements of the Persian court culture, implementing his own version of their royal robes and imitating some court ceremonies. Why would his successors refer back to their deceased predecessor as they established new empires? When Alexander was only sixteen years old, his father left on a campaign against the great city of Byzantium, leaving his teenage son in charge of Macedonia. He believes that every image should be an interaction, a commentary, and a narrative, and every map should lead on an exciting journey of exploration and discovery. He called half of them after Macedonian associates, the other half after himself in each region. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. Equivalent idiom for "When it rains in [a place], it drips in [another place]". Direct link to baysim's post Yes. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window). More importantly, however, he laid the cultural foundations for the establishment of the ancient Hellenistic world, all the way from Alexandria in Egypt to the borders of India. There were actually about 70 towns (by Plutarch's count) named after Alexander, but he didn't found and name all those places himself. Alexander was not interested in imposing his own ideas of truth, religion, or behavior upon conquered populations as long as they willingly kept the supply lines open to feed and equip his troops, which was an important aspect of his ability to rule vast areas. In 327 BCE, with the Persian Empire firmly under his control, Alexander turned his attention to India. Shortly before his death, Alexander was supposedly asked who his empire should go to. Macedonians and local residents wept at the news of . Do they have to give members warning before they bar you? After six years of ever-deeper incursions into the Persian empire, in 330 B.C. Alexander's death was so sudden that when reports of his death reached Greece, they were not immediately believed. Alexander III was born in 356 B.C. This answer is: We know of two sons of Alexander the Great, which are Alexander IV and Heracles. Peloton vs Echelon: Can this more affordable brand challenge Pelotons claim to the title of best exercise bike? According to Wikipedia, Alexander founded or renamed each of the following places after himself: Firstly, is this list accurate? In 324 B.C., Alexander's close friend, general and bodyguard Haphaestion died suddenly from fever. [51][52] Many Alexandrias are attested to regions of Bactria, Sogdiana, and the Indian subcontinent; however, most are considered to be different names for the same settlement. World History Encyclopedia. Image credit: Surprisingly, Alexander himself did not issue coins with his own image; his successors did. On its northern coast, he founded Alexandria, the most successful city he ever built. Image credit: The fact that we can gather evidence about Alexander the Greats life and military campaigns from places so far away from one another paints a picture of an expansive empire. Alexander the Greats empire developed not only because of his military prowess but also because of his fathers success, which took advantage of an unstable political context in Greece. However he could also be perceptive, logical, and calculating, which helped him in battle. Visit our corporate site. Finally, the geographers Eratosthenes, Ptolemy, and Pliny draw upon the otherwise-lost evidence of Alexander's bematist distance-measurers. Arrian wrote that Alexander rebuked Darius in writing, saying "in the future whenever you send word to me, address yourself to me as King of Asia and not as an equal, and let me know, as the master of all that belonged to you, if you have need of anything.". What does it mean to call a minor party a spoiled? The Battle of Gaugamela in 331 B.C., painted by 17th century artist Jacques Courtois, (Image credit: Heritage Images / Contributor). of Sogdian Rock, a seemingly impregnable mountain fortress, the 28-year-old Alexander was surveying his captives when Roxanne, the teenage daughter of a Bactrian nobleman, caught his eye. Two highly placed suspects were killed immediately. "One courtier after another incited Darius, declaring that he would trample down the Macedonian army with his cavalry," Arrian wrote. Alexander, impressed with his bravery and words, made him an ally. Alexander the Greats military tactics and strategies are still studied in military academies today. 1. Non-Arrhenius temperature dependence of bimolecular reaction rates at very high temperatures. Even more ironically, Sparta, a city that had famously lost its king and 300 warriors in the Battle of Thermopylae during a Persian invasion attempt, also opposed Alexander, going so far as to seek Persian help in the Spartans efforts to overthrow him, according to Siculus. Alexander's policy of settling Greek colonists in conquered lands and cities, and the resulting spread of Greek culture in the East, resulted in a new Hellenistic civilization. Alexander himself even adopted Persian dress and certain Persian customs," Abernethy said. to 323 B.C. It only takes a minute to sign up. READ MORE: Did Alexander the Great Arrange His Father's Murder? The classicist William Woodthorpe Tarn noted on the matter that "the difficulties of the subject are considerable, the margin of uncertainty often substantial, the sources of confusion numerous".[6]. One element, with the heavy equipment, would take a relatively safe route to Persia, the second, under his command, would traverse Gedrosia, a largely uninhabited deserted area that no large force had ever crossed before. "Again and again, he called himself his friend's murderer and went without food and drink for three days and completely neglected his person."
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