What is Iago's plan and purpose in act 1, scene 3 of Othello? In his imagination, he has seen "her stol'n hours of lust . (3.4.23), "It is a monster / Begot upon itself, born on itself" (3.4.161-162), "'Tis not a year or two shows us a man: / They are all but stomachs, and we all but food; / They eat us hungerly, and when they are full, / They belch us" (3.4.103-106), "I durst, my lord, to wager she is honest, / Lay down my soul at stake" (4.2.12-13), "Alas, Iago, my lord hath so bewhored her. Ace your assignments with our guide to Othello! Iago is none of these things and is instead cruel, dishonest, and treacherous. . What does Iago mean when he says Till I am evened with him - TimesMojo Eng. Othello Act 2 Flashcards | Quizlet Desdemona, the well-meaning bride, has been talking with Cassio and tells him that she is sure that she can influence her husband in Cassio's behalf. Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by lalershankey Terms in this set (28) Question #12 : What Did The Fairy Godmother Turn The Mice Into. The Moor is obsessed with the need to prove or disprove Desdemona's fidelity. He knows that man, being human, is flawed and subject to fears and irrational suspicions. Why does Iago hate Cassio? Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. And yet, as Desdemona and Emilia enter, he is able to move from this state of abject hopelessness to a momentary appeal to heaven (278) when he declares that he will not believe that his wife is false to him. Latest answer posted April 06, 2020 at 3:38:13 PM, Explain this quote from act 1, scene 3 ofOthello: "Look to her, Moor, if thou hast eyes to see: she has deceived her father and may thee. Iago's suspicion is just an added weapon in his acidic arsenal for revenge against both Othello and Cassio. Log in here. Iago recounts that Cassio supposedly called out to Desdemona in his sleep, telling her to be cautious and hide their love. It was one of her first gifts from Othello, and he has asked her to keep it with her always, and she has; in fact, Emilia has seen Desdemona, on occasion, kiss the handkerchief and talk to it. Hearing Iago's story of Cassio's dream, Othello cries out, "O monstrous! In his few words with Desdemona, he speaks faintly, pleading that he has a headache. (Later, Othello will believe not only that she has violated a vow of friendship, but that she has violated their vows of marriage.) 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Have You Not Read of Some Such Thing? As the plot progresses, Desdemonas sexual aggressiveness will upset Othello more and more. What you know, you know. Cornered, Iago produces the dream story: Cassio spoke in his sleep, embraced him, called him Desdemona, and cursed the Moor. / To-morrow dinner then? He is consumed with doubt and suspicion. Here the reader should recall Othello's words to the Duke of Venice; he confessed that he knew very little of the world except for that pertaining to warfare. Iago's motivation for . TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. He then asks the Moor to use his "free and noble nature" (199) to determine for himself the truth of the behavior between Desdemona and Cassio. / They are all but stomachs, and we all but food. Iago tells the despondent Roderigo that Desdemona will soon grow tired of being with Othello and will long for a more well-mannered and handsome man. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% Othello dismisses love and calls for vengeance. How does Iago use Bianca to trick Othello? what does othello tell Desdemona to do. I will play the swan. hold her free (255) believe her to be guiltless. B.A. Then Cassio seized Iago's hand, kissed him hard on the mouth, and threw his leg over Iago's thigh, kissing him all the while, and cursing fate, which "gave [Desdemona] to the Moor!" There is an element of prophecy here not only in Desdemona's and Othello's farewells to one another, but also in their lines and in the remainder of the Moor's first speech after Desdemona leaves. After Emilia leaves, he reveals the next step in his plan: he will go to Cassio's lodgings, leave the handkerchief there, and let Cassio find it. / 'Tis gone" (3.3.444-446), "bloody thoughts, with violent pace, / Shall ne'er look back, ne'er ebb to humble love, / Till that a capable and wide revenge / Swallow them up" (3.3.457-460), "And to obey shall be in me remorse, / What bloody business ever" (3.3.467-469), "My friend is dead; 'tis done at your request: / But let her live" (3.3.474-475), "Damn her, lewd minx! Might Iago be envious of Othello because he receives affection from Desdemona, when Iago and Emilia don't connect? Sex and Sexual Stories in Othello, Iago's Alter Ego: Race as Projection in Othello, That's She That Was Myself: Not-So-Famous Last Words and Some Ends of Othello, The Adaptation of a Shakespearean Genre: Othello and Ford's 'Tis Pity She's a Whore, Theatricality and Textuality: The Example of Othello, Voice Potential: Language and Symbolic Capital in Othello, Act III, Scenes 1-4 Questions and Answers. Iago tells Othello that he has seen Cassio wipe his brow with a handkerchief embroidered with strawberries; Othello recognizes this handkerchief as the one he gave to Desdemona. (This too is ironically ominous; within an hour, Othello's notion of his marriage bed will be filled with false visions of Cassio.) Expert solutions Log in Sign up Othello Study Guide Term 1 / 28 What is Rodregio complaining about in this opening scene? In arguing for her right to accompany Othello to Cyprus, she insists upon the violence and unconventionality of her attachment to Othello (I.iii.248249). The logic of these lines is forceful, and Iago is astute enough to pause now and then, begging his superior's forgiveness, and, at the same time, attributing his own frankness to his devotion and regard for Othello. Emilia's comment is followed by another comment that is equally startling: Desdemona, speaking of Iago, says, "O, that's an honest fellow" (5). This scene, often called the "temptation scene," is the most important scene in the entire play and one of the most well-known scenes in all drama. DESDEMONA Alas, she has no speech! Convulsed with introspection, he curses his black skin and his lack of social graces and also the fact that he is "into the vale of years" (266) (he is much older than Desdemona) all these things, he fears, could turn a woman from her husband's bed. This makes his case look weaker, not stronger. In both editions, Othello is ambiguous about whether he or Desdemona played the more active role in the courtship, which could mean that he is somewhat uncomfortableeither embarrassed or upsetwith Desdemonas aggressive pursuit of him. 310 ). When Othello enters, it is evident to Iago, and to us, that he is a fallen man. Perhaps she is merely young and eager to have her requests granted, or perhaps she is too eager to prove to herself that her new husband is obedient; whatever the reason, she harries Othello about when he will reinstate Cassio as his lieutenant: " . 20% And the racism readily explains his combination of contempt and jealousy towards Othello, especially the sexual jealousy part. Thus he lies to Othello again, saying that he is unwilling to speak further because he may be "vicious in [his] guess" (145). What reason does Iago give for his hatred of Othello? mummified virgins. It is necessary to remember throughout the play and especially in this scene that Iago has a reputation for complete honesty. eNotes Editorial, 6 Apr. Desdemona, however, confirms that she married Othello of her own free will and that, like her own mother before her, she must shift her primary loyalty from father to husband. On some odd time of his infirmity, This military meeting is interrupted by the arrival of Brabantio, Othello, Cassio, Iago, Roderigo, and officers. Why he hath thus ensnared my soul and body? Then again playing the reluctant confidant, he begs, as it were, not to be pressed about certain of his dark thoughts. However, as the action progresses, Emilia reveals a sharp-eyed and self-aware perspective on how women are often vulnerable to abuse at the hands of their husbands. She does not seem like a loose woman or an especially attractive women. In other words, Iago's heard some rumors that Othello's been bedding his wife and although he doesn't know for certain if those rumors are true, mere suspicion is enough for him. it is a common thing--" (3.3.302), "If it be not for some purpose of import, / Give't me again: poor lady, she'll run mad / When she shall lack it" (3.3.316-318), "Trifles light as air / Are to the jealous confirmations strong / As proofs of holy writ" (3.3.322-324), are, in their natures, poisons. Brabanzio reluctantly resigns himself to her decision and allows the court to return to state affairs. Latest answer posted December 03, 2020 at 4:29:02 PM. When she realizes Othello has killed Desdemona, Emilia immediately lashes out at him, stating Thou dost belie her and thou art a devil (5.2.). (5.2.130-131), "She turn'd to folly, and she was a whore" (5.2.132), "Thou dost belie her, and thou art a devil" (5.2.133), "If he say so, may his pernicious soul / Rot half a grain a day! He pushes it from him and it falls unnoticed to the floor. On:July 7, 2022 Asked by: Koby Bosco [Total: 0Average: 0] One of this kind is Cassio. Iago then leaves, although Roderigo asks him not to go too far in case he needs help killing Cassio. Not only does he claim that Desdemona fell in love with him because of his story, he says that he fell in love with her because of her reaction to his story. The bestial images that Iago conjures up reek of base sexuality, for now Iago no longer needs to rely on innuendo. what's the matter, husband?" Her insistence on speaking out costs her her life when Iago stabs her in desperation. I can't remember the exact section, but in a conversation with Desdemona, Emilia states that if their husbands are abusive towards them, they (the wives) are justified in cheating on them. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. he looks gentler than he did" (4.3.11), : / He hath commanded me to go to bed, / And bade me to dismiss you" (4.3.12-14), "Wouldst thou do such a deed for all the world?" By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. leet and law days (140) meetings of the court. Continue to start your free trial. $24.99 to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. He wants to get even with the general for cheating with his wife. dare not task my weakness with any more. What Cassio does not realize is that you cant tell Iago something like that. Iago thinks that Emilia has slept with both Othello and Cassio because he is bitter, insecure, and constantly suspicious. If Iago fears something, it must be a concern "working from the heart" (123). Othello dismisses love and calls for vengeance. Definition 1 / 9 Turkish ship was destroyed so they lost the war. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. The dukes meeting with his senators about the imminent Turkish invasion of Cyprus takes an unexpected turn when a sailor arrives and announces that the Turks seem to have turned toward Rhodes, another island controlled by Venice. Desdemona jests to Cassio that she will "talk him [Othello] out of patience; / His bed shall seem a school . She sees no villainy in Cassio's face, she says; Cassio "errs in ignorance and not in cunning" (49). A soldier from the lower-classes, he believes that he's been constantly passed over for promotion in favor of the likes of Othello and Cassio, despite the fact that he's proved himself in the field over Start your 48-hour free trial to unlock this answer and thousands more. Desdemona and emilia have a conversation about adultery. . Iago thinks that Emilia has slept with both Othello and Cassio because he is bitter, insecure, and constantly suspicious. Emilia at first appears to be one of her husband Iagos puppets. He uses such words as heaven, reverence, and sacred, and it is as though he sees himself as a rightful scourge of evil, as executing public justice and not merely doing personal revenge. . Michael Cassio, / That came a-wooing with you, and so many a time, / When I have spoke of you dispraisingly, / Hath ta'en your part" (3.3.70-73), "Prithee, no more; let him come when he will; / I will deny thee nothing" (3.3.75-76), ; / 'Tis as I should entreat you wear your gloves, / Or feed on nourishing dishes, or keep you warm" (3.3.76-78), / Wherein I mean to touch your love indeed, / It shall be full of poise and difficult weight / And fearful to be granted" (3.3.80-83), "I will deny thee nothing: / Whereon, I do beseech thee, grant me this, / To leave me but a little to myself" (3.3.83-85), "Be as your fancies teach you; / Whate'er you be, I am obedient" (3.3.88-89), "Excellent wretch! If he really suspects his wife, he should take his anger out on her. One cannot imagine more welcome words to Iago. Hell watch the horologe a double set, When Desdemona finally enters and speaks for herself, she does indeed seem outspoken and assertive, as well as generous and devoted. Iago's Manipulation of Cassio - The theme of Deception in Shakespeare's . for a group? Please wait while we process your payment. on 50-99 accounts. It's fair to say that Iago has a bit of a chip on his shoulder. Infographic PLUS Why does Iago hate Othello? In his denial, he shows himself most vulnerable. Is it to do with his insecurities? Iago represents himself as an honest, but reluctant, witness. Read more about the incompatibility of military heroism and love. "Tis not a year or two shows us a man. (everyone trusts Iago) O heaven forgive me! Desdemona could not purposely have chosen a worse time to mention Cassio's name to her husband. O, damn her! O wretched fool, / That livest to make thine honesty a vice!" Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# Cornered, Iago produces the dream story: Cassio spoke in his sleep, embraced him, called him Desdemona, and cursed the Moor. Sign up for our weekly newsletter and we'll deliver it right to your inbox! He jokes with Iago that a kiss hello is good manners and that Iago shouldn't read anything into it. How does Cassio fall from Othellos grace and get fired? "Tis not a year or two shows us a man. When Emilia arrives in Cyprus with Desdemona, Cassio welcomes her and then says to Iago, "Let it not gall your patience, good Iago, / That I extend my manners; 'tis my breeding / That gives me this bold show of courtesy" (2.1.97-99).Whereupon Cassio kisses Emilia. When Iago is alone with Othello, he resumes his attack on his general's soul. (I, iii, 324327). How does Emilia help Iago? Othello is also so overwhelmed by jealousy due to Iago's slyorchestration that he kills Desdemona, his beautiful wife, and later commits suicide. And here he begins to look for reasons for her unfaithfulness. No time to check the blog regularly? and long live you to think so!" There's no evidence that the loyal and faithful Emilia is cheating on her husband. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! Cassio leaves hastily in order to avoid speaking with Othello. I'll intermingle everything he does / With Cassio's suit" (23-26). In Othello, why does Emilia give the handkerchief to Iago? . In this simile, Othello stresses his high status (as we might expect a tragic hero to do), identifying himself with large and mighty elements of nature. When Othello enters, Iago sees that Othello cannot regain his peace of mind. SparkNotes PLUS Dont have an account? All these coincidences will fester later in Othello's subconscious as Iago continues to fire the Moor's jealousy. If Emilia gave Cassio as much lip (a.k.a., sass and nagging) as she gave him, Cassio would tire of her quickly. Hours ago, he was filled with the spirit of a young bridegroom; now he is reduced to ignominy. eNotes Editorial, 7 Apr. What does Othello say about Des's hand. Summary and Analysis Iago's motivation is never satisfactorily explained. For example, Iago talks to Cassio as if they are on the same side, when he was really only manipulating him. I fear the trust Othello puts him in. One might profitably recall Iago's antithetical views on the same subject when he was talking with Cassio earlier. Iago's suspicions regarding Othello surface in his soliloquy in act 1, scene 3, and his suspicions concerning Cassio can be seen in another soliloquy in act 2, scene 1. For good measure, Iago also expresses his suspicions of Cassio: For I fear Cassio with my night-cape too. He can't because he doesn't have logical and plausible motives. Iago positions Roderigo with a rapier (a type of sword) in a place where he will be able to ambush Cassio. Why does Othello go to Cyprus? In both cases, Iago's jealousy presents an additional reason for him to want to destroy these men. What is the meaning of the following quote from Shakespeare's play Othello? (5.1.111), "My lord, my lord! Cassio expresses his gratitude, but he urges Desdemona not to delay, for if Othello waits too long to appoint a new lieutenant, he may "forget my love and service" (18). His speech is fevered, sweeping and frantic; he believes that his wife has been unfaithful to him. January 30, 2015 ~ duane. Here, fate plays a major role in this tragedy; not even Iago wholly arranged this swift, coincidental confrontation of Othello, Desdemona, and Cassio, and certainly the pathos of Desdemona's position here is largely due to no other factor than fate. Iago says it's no problem. (3.3.376), "Nay, stay. Hes going to use it against you. No, sure, I cannot think it, / That he would steal away so guilty-like, / Seeing you coming" (3.3.38-40), "How now, my lord! Iago repeatedly threatens her and tells her to be quiet, but Emilia insists that I will speak as liberal as the north (5.2.). Contents By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. Accessed 5 July 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. You'll also receive an email with the link. At last Othello utters a true appraisal of Iago: "villain, be sure thou prove my love a whore" (359). Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Clearly, Iago is a shitty husband and doesn't treat Emilia with much respect. Iago again,in another soliloquy, confirms his belief in act 2, scene 1, when he says: For that I do suspect the lusty MoorHath leap'd into my seat; the thought whereofDoth, like a poisonous mineral, gnaw my inwards;And nothing can or shall content my soulTill I am even'd with him. . This guess proves to be correct, as another messenger arrives to report that the Turks have joined with more forces and are heading back toward Cyprus. creating and saving your own notes as you read. Why does Othello become angry at Desdemona in Shakespeare's play Othello? Why does Othello care about Desdemona's handkerchief How does Iago manipulate Desdemona? (427) he cries. To Brabantio, Desdemona pretended to be afraid of Othello's dark looks; she pretended to shake and tremble at Othello's exotic demeanor, yet "she lov'd them [Othello's features] most" (207). Iago tells the Moor that only today he saw Cassio "wipe his beard" (439) with it. Filled with what appears to be moral fervor, Iago then proceeds to a glorification of reputation. / Look where he comes!" (3.3.189-192), "I know our country disposition well; / In Venice they do let heaven see the pranks / They dare not show their husbands; their best conscience / Is not to leave't undone, but keep't unknown" (3.3.201-204), "She did deceive her father, marrying you; / And when she seem'd to shake and fear your looks, / She loved them most" (3.3.206-208), "I see this hath a little dash'd your spirits" (3.3.214), "I do not think but Desdemona's honest" (3.3.225), "Long live she so! Take the Analysis of Major Characters Quick Quiz. / Hark, canst thou hear me? Othello Act V: Scenes i & ii Summary & Analysis | SparkNotes When Emilia comes to tell Othello about the violence in the streets, he acknowledges the killing, telling her that Iago had informed him of . Othello wants Cassio dead, Iago agrees to do it, and then Othello wonders how to kill Desdemona. / 'Tis gone," he exclaims (445-446), and in highly rhetorical lines, he dwells upon "black vengeance" and "tyrannous hate" (446-449). What happens to Othello Iago and Cassio in the end? She devour[s] up his discourse with a greedy ear, and is the first of the two to hint at the possibility of their loving one another (I.iii.148149). But now this mental torment of suspicion gnaws at him until he knows no peace. Othello admits that he married Desdemona, but he denies having used magic to woo her and claims that Desdemona will support his story. to-night at supper? He could benefit by ruining Cassio, because he would automatically become Othello's lieutenant; but he would not benefit by undermining Othello, because he is dependent upon Othello for his job, and there is no way in which he could move up into Othello's position. Shakespeare fleshed out the fantastic details of Othellos past life by drawing on a number of ancient and Renaissance travel writers. / They are all but stomachs, and we all but food. But for now, Othello is without suspicion, even as his wife speaks openly of Cassio's wish to be reinstated as his lieutenant and of her own wish for their reconciliation. What happens to Othello at the end of the play? - Civic Express As such, Iago deeply resents these men and the society they represent, even though Othello, due to his skin color, is still regarded as something of an outsider. That he is an honest fellow and upset that Cassio was fired. Your email address will not be published. Free trial is available to new customers only. Iago first mentions his suspicion that Othello has had sex with Emilia in Act 1 Scene 3, ln 368 (in the Cambridge School Othello--might be different line numbers in your text), when he says, "I hate the Moor, and 'tis thought abroad that 'twixt my sheets he has done my office." When Desdemona re-enters, Othello's aspect is changed; he watches her intently, looking for signs, and brushes away her handkerchief when she seeks to sooth him. Iago's jealousy towards the fact that Cassio becomes lieutenant, the position Iago thinks he deserves, makes it easy for Iago to betray him. Contact us Iago bids the Moor not to rise yet, and he himself kneels and dedicates himself to "wrong'd Othello's service" (467). For more information, please see our When Roderigo leaves, Iago delivers his first soliloquy, declaring his hatred for Othello and his suspicion that Othello has slept with his wife, Emilia. When Iago wants to set up the appearance of inappropriate behavior between Cassio and Desdemona, he decides that my wife must move for Cassio to her mistress (2.3.) You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% (Remember, Cassio is considered a bit of a ladies' man.) Here, compare this madman, incensed by Iago's poison, with the noble Moor who, only a few hours ago, repeatedly demonstrated such complete command of himself. mandragora (330) a soporific, or substance causing sleep. Believing that both men had had sexual relations with his wife, Emilia, strengthens Iago's resolve topunish them for their so-called indiscretion. Iago has no good reason to suspect either Cassio or Othello of committing adultery with Emilia. The war between the Turks and Venetians will not prove to be a major part of the play. But when Emilia adds that her husband, Iago, grieves "as if the cause [for Cassio's demotion] were his" (4) and that his friendship with the Moor has been severed, even the most casual listener in the audience would probably gasp in disbelief. (3.3.374), "God be wi' you; take mine office. . What Iago is doing, of course, is making Othello believe that Iago's honor is at stake if he confesses his fears. Momentarily, Othello seems to revive his senses, snarling at Iago's villainy and sending him away, then he slumps into despair. Only after delivering these two lines does the duke notice Brabanzio, and, even then, he acknowledges him in a rather demeaning fashion, saying, I did not see you. In his warped thinking, Iago clearly believes that he is defending his honor. In a metaphorical sense, perdition will soon catch Othello's soul, and chaos will soon replace order in his life. And Iago approves of such a stance; he, of course, is in a position to let human nature run its course and "prove" what it wishes irrationally. As another example of dramatic irony, note how clearly the audience can see the contrast between Cassio and Iago, a man who certainly errs at least morally in his own "cunning." Obviously, he will do what his wife asks, but his thoughts are on other things. Come, I'll go in with you" (3.3.287-288), "My wayward husband hath a hundred times / Woo'd me to steal it" (3.3.292-293), "have the work ta'en out, / And give't Iago" (3.3.296-297), "A thing for me? According to Emilia what does Othello plan to do about Cassio's situation? / I prithee, name the time, but let it not / Exceed three days . The stage is cleared, leaving only Roderigo and Iago. In Act 2 Scene 3, Iago gets Cassio drunk and then plants the idea in Governor Montano . Perdition catch my soul, / But I do love thee! Latest answer posted February 06, 2021 at 2:05:38 PM. Othello clearly attaches great importance to the image of himself as a unique and heroic figure, and it is also important to him that he have a remarkable life story worthy of repeated telling. And does it create a complex character for Iago?" Iago's deceptive ways influence Cassio's behaviour, and change his thoughts effectively. Othello Act IV: Scene i Summary & Analysis | SparkNotes Also, he despises the fact that Cassio is young and handsome; qualities he apparently does not have. While Cassio and Desdemona live, Iago has gained only a little time in which to secure his position. . Ironically Iago is repeatedly described as honest - this shows that Iago is such a skilled manipulator: Cassio says that he "never knew a Florentine more kind and honest" Desdemona declares "O, that's an honest fellow" He persuades Othello that his "honesty and love doth mince this matter" when the opposite is true. and our Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! Tis to his virtue a just equinox, Othello - Act 5, scene 2 | Folger Shakespeare Library His race, physical appearance, and remarkable life history set him apart from the other Venetiansand inspire Brabanzios fears that Othello is some sort of witch doctor. Iago uses this alleged tryst between Emilia and Othello/Cassio as motivation for wanting to ruin them. Iago's bid to have Cassio murdered fails when his unfortunate puppet, Roderigo, does not kill him but is himself mortally wounded in a planned skirmish with Cassio. Certainty has freed his mind from doubt and confusion. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. It is impossible to believe that Othello would be interested in Emilia, and nearly as difficult to believe that Cassio would be interested in her. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. Thus Iago -- as he often does -- erases any doubts that Othello might have by pretending to have them himself. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. I was just wondering what the general consensus is regarding Othello and Cassio's alleged trysts with Iago's wife Emilia. creating and saving your own notes as you read. (95). / Thrown such despite and heavy terms upon her, / As true hearts cannot bear" (4.2.115-117), "I will be hang'd, if some eternal villain, / Some busy and insinuating rogue, / Some cogging, slave, to get some office, / Have not devised this slander; I will be hang'd else" (4.2.130-133), "Some such squire he was / That turn'd your wit the seamy side without, / And made you to suspect me with the Moor" (4.2.145-147), "How goes it now?
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