Almost 1200 years have passed since the founding of the University of Al-Qarawiyin in 859, and it continues to this day to graduate students in the various religious and physical sciences. Minority students will be motivated upon finding someone who looks like them in the STEM field, while other students will benefit from a more inclusive mindset of who can be a mathematics educator. The date of reference is the year al-Qarawiyyin was founded as a mosque, which implies that its educational character goes back to its beginnings. Context by Marco Scholler, Volume 3: Indices. SWBAT learn about the founder of the world's first university. He states that the traditional story of the founding of the mosque belongs more to myth than to academic history and points out that no part of the mosque today is older than the tenth century. She accepted Islam in 2014 after her own independent study and joined Islam Ahmadiyyat in 2015. Fatima Al-Fihri: The Woman Who Founded Worlds First University OpEd. Indeed, this is the only historical source which records Fatimas life and contributions. After her are Aemilianus (207), Beji Caid Essebsi (1926), Julia of Corsica (420), Gunthamund (450), Hasdrubal the Fair (-270), and Gordian II (190). Scientific advice on this article was provided by historians Professor Doulaye Konat, Lily Mafela, Ph.D., and Professor Christopher Ogbogbo. [6] Both went on to found mosques in Fes: Fatima founded Al-Qarawiyyin and Maryam founded the Al-Andalusiyyin Mosque. They could live a luxurious and comfortable life but both sisters decided to do something more remarkable and thoughtful. Reprinted, with permission, from The Message International. According to tradition, Fatima's sister, Mariam, also founded a similar mosque in the district across the river around the same time (85960), with help from local Andalusian families, which became known as the Al-Andalusiyyin Mosque (Mosque of the Andalusians). I will use money that I inherited from our donors and sponsors for bringing all the sources and media for them so they can study well, explore knowledge and research as a team at our online platform without any obstacles. In it, Ibn Abi Zar wrote that Fatima often spent her time discussing mathematics with Maryam during the construction of Al Qarawiyyin university. After a life of service, piety and generosity, Fatima al-Fihri died in the year 880. The mosque took 18 years to construct. Observing that the local mosques in Fez could not accommodate the growing population of worshipers, many of whom were refugees from Islamic Spain, Mariam built the breathtaking and grand Andalusian Mosque in 245AH/859CE. Many of its graduates are well-known scholars who deeply influenced Islamic history, among them, the philosopher Ibn Rushd (1126-1198) and the historian Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406). Deeply devout, Fatima understood that her talents and resources were a gift meant to be used in service. The University and Mosque of Al Quaraouiyine, founded in 859 CE, was the largest mosque in the entirety of North Africa at the time of its construction. [18][10], "The Mosaic Culture: Elements of Family, Education, Religion, and Hospitality, with their Contributions to Peace in Morocco", "Meet Fatima al-Fihri: The founder of the world's first Library", "Al-Qarawiyyin University in Fes: Brainchild of a Muslim Woman", "Fatima al-Fihri: modern legends, medieval sources Ian D. Morris", " ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fatima_al-Fihriya&oldid=1162356031, This page was last edited on 28 June 2023, at 15:50. Her story is one of timeless dedication to the Islamic tradition of learning and academic study, as well as personal devotion to pleasing Allah SWT by serving as a genuine benefactor to humanity. The oldest continuously operating university in the worldAl-Qarawiyyin founded in Fs, Morocco, in 859was founded by a merchant's daughter: Fatima al-Fihri Al-Khwarizmi: Considered by some the inventor of algebra, Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi was a Persian mathematician working at the House of Wisdom in Baghdad in the ninth century. He was also known to have said that one must search for education from the cradle until death, even if it meant travelling to China. In general, many researchers, scholars and religious speakers publish Islamic content online on a different platform by the refer of Al Quran but we also need to give an example of our other greatest historical contributor such as Fatima Al-Fihri for bringing the importance also awareness of education and women rights. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); All rights reserved. EARLY LIFE Fatima Al-Fihri was the daughter of a successful businessman, Muhammad Al-Fihri. Fatima al-Fihri played a great role in the civilisation and culture in her community. She was born in Tunisia in 800 AD but her father moved to Morocco for business opportunities. Fatima Al-Fihri is not only an ancient legacy of women but also an untold story for this generation. Not only that, she was carrying a deep patriotic touch in her heart for her motherland Tunisia which was the reason for keeping the name of mosque Al-Qarawiyyin (by the name of her Qayrawan city in northern Tunisia.). Her family was part of a large migration to Fes from Kairouan. Al-Fihri was born around 800AD in the town of Kairouan, in present-day Tunisia. . The story of Fatima al-Fihri, founder of the world's first university, can work against such stereotypes. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Education is the key to moving humanity forward. The world is richer as a result. As a result, we have countless examples of historical Muslim women who have been excellent contributors to society at large, like Fatima Al-Fihri. WomanKind is a Historical biography series for children featuring Muslim women who changed the world. Fatima was a product of the Golden Age of Islam. This is according to UNESCO and Guinness World Records. Copyright 2023. She lived there for some years, before moving to Fez, Morocco, with her family. Fatima al-Fihri is the 579th most popular religious figure (up from 709th in 2019), the 15th most popular biography from Tunisia (up from 20th in 2019) and the 2nd most popular Tunisian Religious Figure. I know that it is not easy to do but its nothing if we compare with the hardship of Fatima Al-Fihri. Fatima bint Muhammad al-Fihriya al-Qurashiyya ,[1] known in shorter form as Fatima al-Fihriya[2] or Fatima al-Fihri,[3] was an Arab woman who is credited with founding the al-Qarawiyyin Mosque in 857-859 AD in Fez, Morocco. He notes that the perfect parallelism of two sisters and two mosques is too good to be true, and likely a pious legend. Fatima al-Fihri is a 9th century woman credited with founding Al Quaraouiyine University, the oldest in the world. Of course, as someone who knows Islams stance on the empowerment and education of women, I was less surprised and more inspired by this woman who was undoubtedly driven by the true teachings of Islam. While some Muslims are plainly going against the teachings of the Holy Prophetsa, oppressing women or depriving them of an education, the difference between them and Muslims adhering to true Islamic teachings is striking. Created in honour of Fatima Al-Fihri, it is a reminder to us all. When it was finished, she went inside and prayed to God, thanking him for his blessings. Until this day, Fatima's life holds many secrets even to historians. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. [12] According to Moroccan historian Abdelhadi Tazi, Al-Fihriya fasted until the project's completion. This woman made an enormous sacrifice and founded a religious and educational establishment that changed history, and she is not alone. She made immense sacrifices by staying true to the teachings of Islam and valuing education for all in her community. [4] London EC1R 3GA. Greet Fatima Al-Fihri: Lady of Fez and Founder of Al-Qarawiyyin - The Islamic Post | Online Edition. Https://Www.Islamicpostonline.Com/, https://www.islamicpostonline.com/magazine/2013/06/23/greet_fatima_al_fihri_lady_fez_and_founder_al_qarawiyyin-561/. Fatima Al-Fihri The founder of the world's first university: Little Muslims Inspiration Series: Yousaf, Maryam: 9780993407857: Amazon.com: Books Books Children's Books Religions Try Prime and start saving today with Fast, FREE Delivery Buy new: $11.92 Get Fast, Free Shipping with Amazon Prime FREE Returns Al Quaraouiyine gained great fame among both Muslims and Christians. In the centre of this stunning mosque and madrassa stands an elegant fountain. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatima_al-Fihri, http://fatimaalfihriresume.wordpress.com/about/, http://stage1.whyislam.org/social-values-in-islam/fatima-al-fihri-founder-of-worlds-very-first-university/, Free Word Centre She has traveled extensively in Morocco, speaks French and is studying Arabic. As Tunisian historian Hassan Hosni Abdelwahab noted in his book Famous Tunisian Women: "She committed to only using the land she had purchased. Almost 1200 years have passed since the university was founded and yet it continues to this day to graduate students from various disciplines. Fatima always had an interest in promoting mathematics education (Bernardi, 2016), which is why she expanded the mosque area under the rule of the fifth Idrisid ruler and Sultan Yahya ibn Muhammad (Diam, P196). , 877-WHY-ISLAM, P.O. She was born in Tunisia in 800 AD but her father moved to Morocco for business opportunities. Fatima's legacy is vast and influential: the European Union offers an annual scholarship, the Fatima Al Fihri Scholarship, for students in Algeria, Morocco, Libya, Tunisia, and Egypt. Upon the death of her father and her husband, she inherited a large fortune and immediately set about to use her wealth for the benefit of society. To this day, Fatima Al-Fihri is highly respected and looked up to by Moroccan women for her kind-heartedness, perseverance and wisdom. Other prominent names associated with the institution include the Maliki jurist Ibn al-Arabi (d. 543AH/1148CE), the historian Ibn Khaldun (d. 808AH/1406CE), and the astronomer al-Bitruji (Alpetragius) (d. 1204CE). Sexual Orientation: An Identity or Personal Desire. This is largely due to the fact that the Al-Qarawiyyin library suffered a large fire in 1323. Her father left his wealth to both Fatima and her sister, his only children. 60 Farringdon Road The university focused heavily on Islamic theology and law; however, it expanded beyond these subjects. Advantages and disadvantages of online learning. Fatima used her newfound wealth to found the worlds first university, which began as the Al-Qarawiyyin mosque and library and later turned to Al-Qarawiyyin university. Before her is Carloman of Bavaria. The Muslim world had inherited classical Greek thought from, among others, the philosophers Aristotle and Plato. These include volumes from the Muwatta of Imam Malik inscribed on gazelle parchment, the Seerah of Ibn Ishaq, the premier transcript of Ibn Khalduns Al-Ibar, and a copy of the Quran gifted to the institution in 1602 by Sultan Ahmed al-Mansur. It boasts one of the oldest libraries in the world with over 4,000 manuscripts and even has Fatimas own diploma still on display. The effectiveness of self-affirmation for improving doubly disadvantaged students' mathematical performance. The story of Fatima al-Fihri, founder of the world's first university, can work against such stereotypes. There was not such detailed evidence of her personal life due to the burning of the Al-Qarawiyyin's archives in 1323. Fatima inherited a considerable amount of money from her father which she used . -- an apt title given her kindness and caring for her students (Mohammed Yasser Hilali). But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. However, I visited and learned about an institution of higher learning that predates even these storied institutions. He, alongside her husband, died shortly after the wedding. [4][5] The al-Qarawiyyin Mosque subsequently developed into a teaching institution, which became the modern University of al-Qarawiyyin in 1963. Fatima al-Fihri is the 579th most popular religious figure (up from 709th in 2019), the 15th most popular biography from Tunisia (up from 20th in 2019) and the 2nd most popular Tunisian Religious Figure. The Muslims answered with powers from Africa which under the overall Yusuf receptacle Tashfin crushed the Christians resoundingly in 1086, and by 1102 had recovered the vast majority of Andalusia. Many believe that Islam teaches the oppression of women, whereas that is completely contrary to the Islam that we find in the Quran and Ahadith. At FAOU, we also have been working to collaborate with . West Bank: Palestinians recount Jenin refugee camp ordeal, Hamilton Naki: Innovator in the shadow of apartheid, Lopold Sdar Senghor: From prisoner to president. Then, she rebuilt it and bought the surrounding land to double the size of the mosque. One of the universitys most famous students was a Jewish physician and philosopher, Maimonides. Fatima al-Fihri herself is considered a saint and she is much respected among the believers especially in Fez. As the story is useful to present-day discourses about women and sciences in Islamic history, Morris concludes that the speculation repeated by modern writers "says more about the current value of Fatima as a political symbol than about the historical person herself."[15]. After the deaths of Fatimas husband, father, and brother in short succession, Fatima and her only other sibling, Mariam, received a sizable inheritance which assured their financial independence. We . Thanks for reading Scientific American. Fatima could hold a lavish celebration to mark the completion of the mosques construction just like a luxurious wealthy queen but she went inside the mosque and thanked God for blessing her. She grew up with her sister in an educated family and learnt Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) and Hadith. In fact, the very name of this form of math is derived from the Arabic al-jabr , meaning "restoring," which is how al-Khwarizmi referred to the operation of removing roots and squares from a quadratic equation by adding the same quantity to each side of the equation Al-Jazari: An Iraqi geniusAbu al-Iz Ibn Ismail ibn al-Razaz al-Jazari, or al-Jazarilaid out construction plans in A.D. 1206 for some 50 mechanical devices, such as the "Elephant Clock" recreated here in this computer-rendered image Al-Jahiz: An early proponent of evolutionary biology, Abu Uthman Amr ibn Bahr al-Kinani al-Fuqaimi al-Basri, wrote of food chains and environmental determinism in his seven-volume Book of Animals in the ninth century Abbas ibn-Firnas: Born in the Al-Andalus region of medieval Muslim Spain in A.D. 810, ibn Firnas may have been the first inventor to attempt flight using a glider, as pictured here. The construction process was reported to have been overseen by Al-Fihri herself. Her contributions to mathematics education are recorded in the Rawd al-Qirtas (The Garden of Pages), the definitive history of Morocco written in Arabic in 1326 C.E by the 14th century historian Ibn Abi Zar. This inscription, carved onto cedar wood panels and written in a Kufic script very similar to foundation inscriptions in 9th-century Tunisia, was found on a wall above the probable site of the mosque's original mihrab (prior to the building's later expansions). Fatima bint Muhammad Al-Fihriya Al-Qurashiya; (Arabic: ) was anArabMuslimwoman who is credited with founding the oldest existing, continually operating and first degree-awarding university in the world, theUniversity of al-QarawiyyininFez, Morocco in 859CE, although this is disputed. Empowered and educated Muslim women around the world are doctors, lawyers, educators, politicians and are successful in other fields as well. Accessed 11 Dec. 2022. Right off the bat in the 11th century, the single Islamic Caliphate had broken into a score of little realms, ready for taking out. Fatima was a product of the Golden Age of Islam. In 2017, a prize was created in Tunisia in her honor. The scholarly Fatima Al-Fihri enabled her community to be successful servants of God by providing them with resources for greater knowledge. Besides, she was taught at home following the Islamic tradition. Many of the practices established at Al Quaraouiyine are still practiced today in universities the world over:In The Rise of Colleges: Institutions of Learning in Islam and the West, George Makdisi has demonstrated how terms such as having fellows holding a chair, or students reading a subject and obtaining degrees, as well as practices such as inaugural lectures, the oral defense, even mortar boards, tassels, and academic robes, can all be traced back to the practices of madrasas.[1]. She decided to use her resources to honour the Islamic tradition of learning and academic study and build a university and mosque in Fes, Morocco. Historical references note that she directly oversaw and guided the construction process in great detail, certainly a testament to her great dedication as she had no expertise in the field! Proper schooling is a blessing that most of us have been given, but all too many people go without. African Roots is supported by the Gerda Henkel Foundation. After buying land from a man of the "Hawaara" tribe, Fatima started her building project at the beginning of the Ramadan month of year 254 of Hegira, that is to say 859 A.D. From the 10th century the famous mosque of al-Qarawiyyin became the first religious institute and the largest Arab university of North Africa. Though not much is known about Fatima, she and her sister Maryam studied Islamic Jurisprudence and mathematics in fact, Fatima was a student in her own university, Al-Qarawiyyin. While her life is not recorded in detail, her legacy persists to this day. It didn't last. Fatima al-Fihri, who was born in Tunisia, hailed from a well-educated family. Box 1054, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1054. Although her family did not start out wealthy, her father, Mohammed al-Fihri, became a successful merchant. Not much is known about her early life, but sometime in the early 9 th century, Fatima migrated with her father and sister from Qayrawan in Tunisia to Fez in Morocco. Personally, as an elementary school teacher and a lifelong student, I have always found solace in and appreciation for the emphasis on education within Islam. He was born in Andalusia in 1138 while it was flourishing as an intellectual and cultural hub under Muslim rule. [10][9][11] Ibn Abi Zar is also judged by contemporary historians to be a relatively unreliable source. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. Daily Sabah. Non-Muslims were welcome to matriculate. A teacher reflects on the legacy of Islams strong emphasis on education while visiting a university founded by Muslim woman Fatima Al-Fihri. Let us always show gratitude to God for the knowledge He has blessed us with, continue striving for self-improvement and be advocates for equal education around the world. Nevertheless, it is undeniable that today there are many people who misunderstand the teachings of the true Islam. Baby Fatima was born in approximately 800 CE in the old country of Tunisia. [12] This idea was spurred on by the fact that due to all the Muslims fleeing like Fatima and her family, they were all gathering immigrants that were devout worshippers keen on learning and studying their faith. Al-Qarawiyyin was not announced as a teaching institute or madrasa from the beginning according to the source. Both went on to found mosques in Fes: Fatima founded Al-Qarawiyyin and Maryam foundedAl-Andalus. When Fatima's community outgrew the mosque, she purchased a mosque built around 845 AD under the supervision of King Yahya ibn Muhammad and rebuilt it, doubling its size. [6] Her story is told by Ibn Abi Zar' (d. between 1310 and 1320) in The Garden of Pages (Rawd al-Qirtas) as founder of the mosque. Fatima al-Fihri: Founder of the worlds first university. These same records mention the existence of a great number of libraries. We need to make sure that we are not only a devoted worshiper, we are a scientist, business holder, scholar, teacher or a head of an online University in 2021 which will give this digital era advanced knowledge, resources and ideas to walk into a path of a highest level of literacy. It rewards initiatives which encourage access to training and professional responsibilities for women. Upon the death of her father, Fatima inherited a large fortune. To play this audio please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 audio. Guess what! During her lifetime, Fatima was called the "mother of boys". Al-Fihri . The Review Of Religions. By 1502 the Christian rulers gave a request requiring all Muslims to change over to Christianity, and when this didn't work, they forced ruthless limitations on the leftover Spanish Muslims. This goal was possible only with the support of our partners and the low-interest prices collected from our courses and educational programs. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video. Fatima bint Muhammad al-Fihriya al-Qurashiyya (Arabic: ), known in shorter form as Fatima al-Fihriya or Fatima al-Fihri, was an Arab woman who is credited with founding the al-Qarawiyyin Mosque in 857859 AD in Fez, Morocco. dw.com. She was from a prestigious family and inherited a fortune due to the early death of her father. Symposiums and debates were regularly organised there. Mortimer, R. (2018, March 8). [8][9][10][11], Little is known about her personal life, except for what was recorded by 14th century historian Ibn Abi-Zar. Both mosques were named after the immigrants from their motherland. It is no coincidence that many of the Muslim men and women I have met since my conversion in 2014 are among the most educated people I know. However, the death of her father left Fatima and her sister with a vast inheritance. June 11, 2019 8:07 p.m. Rabat - One such figure is Fatima bint Muhammad Al-Fihriya (also known as Fatima al-Fihri) who was born from humble beginnings in A.D. 800 in modern-day Tunisia. [9] Historian Roger Le Tourneau doubts the truth of the traditional account of Fatima building the Qarawiyyin mosque and her sister Maryam building the Andalusiyyin Mosque. According to Ian D. Morris, a historian of early Islamic societies, there is no empirical evidence to support claims that Fatima founded the library. Tucked away behind a small door and the towering walls of the medina was the entry to the oldest degree-granting university in the world, which is still in operation today. Thats the reason maybe she is still respected by the title of Umm Al-Banayn in Tunisia as well as in Morocco. By the 14th century, the university housed the Al-Qarawiyyin Library which remains one of the oldest in the world, preserving some of Islams most valuable manuscripts. (2005). [4] Al-Fihriya died around 880 AD. Al-Fihriya was married, but both her husband and father died shortly after the wedding. Discover the golden age of Muslim civilisation. She was renowned for being a deep thinker and her vision was cultivated and encouraged to grow in the Islamic society she lived in. Fez at that time was a bustling metropolis of the Muslim West (known as al-Maghrib), and held the promise in the peoples imaginations of fortune and felicity. This esteemed institution, which already had 8,000 students by the 14th century, is central to the legacy of Fatima Al-Fihri. Having received a good education, the sisters in turn hastened to dedicate all of their wealth to benefiting their community. Although her family did not start out wealthy, her father, Mohammed al-Fihri, became a successful merchant. What can be my imaginary mission as a head in Fatima Al-Fihri Open University after having knowledge of her story in 2021? I will gather people who are actively looking for knowledge and literacy. Famous people such as the historian Ibn Khaldoon graduated from the Al-Qarawiyyin University (DW, 2020). While her life is not recorded in detail, her legacy persists to this day. She is most famous for founding the University of Qarawiyyin in Fez, Morocco. The decay came from both the middle and the furthest points. Journal of school psychology, 75, 58-73. They started a journey in which they were actively seeking for Mosque in Fez to flourish the knowledge of Islam. Famous names are those of historian Abdurahman Ibn Khaldun, the doctor and philosopher Abu Walid Ibn Rushd, the Andalusian doctor Musa Ibn Maimonou and Gerbert of Aurillac, who became Pope Sylvester II. With as many immigrants as there were, there was overcrowding and not enough space, resources, or teachers to accommodate them. She is a great inspiration and motivation for individuals and especially women all over the world. She founded the institution with the intent of serving the community. After her are Ali al-Hadi, Francis Borgia, 4th Duke of Ganda, Pope Alexander II, Catherine Labour, Jean Meslier, and Gamaliel. Recently, I was blessed with the opportunity to visit Fez in Morocco. Fatima al-Fihri was born in 800 A.D. She was the daughter of Mohammed Bnou Abdullah al-Fihri - a rich merchant who settled in Fez with his family during the reign of Idris II. Before the advent of Prophet Muhammadsa, families would bury their infant daughters out of shame. A structural equation model of predictors for effective online learning. James, G. (2002). She strived to help the community through her dedication and hope for her vision. She is also known as Umm al-Bann . According to the available documents, teaching chairs were established at the university and in other annexes throughout Fez. Though little is known of Fatimas early life, her family moved from Tunisia to Fez, Morocco, when she was a child. Al-Qarawiyyin University is credited with producing many distinguished Muslim thinkers including Abul-Abbas, the jurist Muhammad al-Fasi, and Leo Africanus, the famous author and traveler. Fatima Al-Fihri was the daughter of a wealthy merchant and is defined in history as a pious Muslim woman. B. Not much has been preserved about her early life, but it was believed that the Al-Fihri family migrated to the city of Fez in Morocco in the early 9thcentury. Tel: (34) 641-49-9857, 2016-2023 by Fatima Al-Fihri Open University, A Great Contribution Of Fatima Al-Fihri | Untold True Story, As we may know, there are many historical figures who contributed remarkably to the development of the educational system and institutions. Fatima al-Fihri: It wasn't just Muslim men. She is also known as Umm al-Bann ("Mother of the Children"). The first book in this series tells the true story of FATIMA AL FIHRI, the remarkable woman who created the world's first University. That is why I am grateful to be a member of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, which has invested in education and built schools worldwide, hoping to eliminate disparities in schooling based on gender and economic status. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Little is known about her personal life, except for what was recorded by 14th century historianIbn Abi-Zaraa. Her primary passion, instilled during her youth, was education. Al-Fihriya died around 880 AD. Retrieved July, 1, 2006. Fatima Al-Fihri migrated with her family in the early ninth century from Qayrawan in present-day Tunisia to the city of Fez in Morocco. Her father, Mohammed Bnou Abdullah al-Fihri, was a well-educated merchant who passed his love of learning on to his children. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. [17] She named it after the immigrants from her hometown of Kairouan. Having become one of the most influential Muslim cities, Fez boasted a rich combination of religion and culture, both traditional and cosmopolitan. Muslims following the instructions of Prophet Muhammadsa understand the importance placed on education, especially for girls. It has also been renowned for centuries as a key centre of cultural and religious exchange. She is also known as Umm al-Bann ("Mother of the Children"). Meet Fatima Al-Fihri: The Founder of the World's First Library. Ventures Africa, 27 Jan. 2017. Double jeopardyDouble remedy? [15] The lack of historical sources and consultation with historians by commentators, including think-tanks, NGOs, social scientists, journalists, and bloggers, has resulted in numerous "sourceless, baseless" iterations of the Fatima story.
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